Exam question 1 · The piggy bank and a jar for each goal

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the principle designated "pay yourself first"?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: principle · What happens: follow, characteris, designate, pay · To what, where: yourself · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 1 of lesson 9 «The piggy bank and a jar for each goal» of the money course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 principle	det
10	principle	principle	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 designated	nsubj
11	designated	designate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 characterises	ccomp
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 pay	punct
13	pay	pay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 designated	ccomp
14	yourself	yourself	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	13 pay	obj
15	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	13 pay	advmod
16	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 pay	punct
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present			of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	designate	past	the principle			tree rules
4	pay in a quote	infinitive	the principle not said here	yourself	first property	vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yourself=Asset

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The demand for remuneration prior to the performance of work

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 demand	det
2	demand	demand	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 performance	nsubj
3	for	for	ADP	_	4 remuneration	case
4	remuneration	remuneration	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 demand	nmod
5	prior	prior	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	8 performance	case
6	to	to	ADP	_	5 prior	fixed
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 performance	det
8	performance	performance	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 work	case
10	work	work	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 performance	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	perform			work					nom performance «communication transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

The repayment of debts prior to the receipt of income

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 repayment	det
2	repayment	repayment	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 receipt	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 debts	case
4	debts	debt	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 repayment	nmod
5	prior	prior	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	8 receipt	case
6	to	to	ADP	_	5 prior	fixed
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 receipt	det
8	receipt	receipt	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 income	case
10	income	income	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 receipt	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	repay			debts					nom repayment «act transitive»: of=patient
2	receipt			income					nom receipt «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

The purchase of a reward for oneself prior to saving

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 purchase	det
2	purchase	purchase	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 reward	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 reward	det
5	reward	reward	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 purchase	nmod
6	for	for	ADP	_	7 oneself	case
7	oneself	oneself	PRON	PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	5 reward	nmod
8	prior	prior	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=SCONJ	10 saving	mark
9	to	to	ADP	_	8 prior	fixed
10	saving	save	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 purchase	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	save	gerund	the purchase of a reward for oneself not said here						vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	purchase			a reward for oneself					nom purchase «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The allocation of a sum to savings prior to any expenditure

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 allocation	det
2	allocation	allocation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 sum	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 sum	det
5	sum	sum	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 allocation	nmod
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 savings	case
7	savings	savings	NOUN	Number=Ptan	5 sum	nmod
8	prior	prior	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	11 expenditure	case
9	to	to	ADP	_	8 prior	fixed
10	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	11 expenditure	det
11	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 allocation	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	allocate			a sum to savings				prior any expenditure	nom allocation «possession transitive»: of=patient prior=obl

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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