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Test 9 · ★ · Birds and baby animals

Two penguin pairs at the zoo: one stays together for years, the other swaps partners. What does that show?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: one, other, that · What happens: stay together, swap, show · To what, where: partners

This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 10 «Birds and baby animals» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Two penguin pairs at the zoo: one stays together for years, the other swaps partners.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 pairs	nummod
2	penguin	penguin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pairs	compound
3	pairs	pair	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	6 zoo	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 zoo	det
6	zoo	zoo	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pairs	nmod
7	:	:	PUNCT	_	9 stays	punct
8	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 stays	nsubj
9	stays	stay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 pairs	parataxis
10	together	together	ADV	_	9 stays	advmod
11	for	for	ADP	_	12 years	case
12	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 stays	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 swaps	punct
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 other	det
15	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 swaps	nsubj
16	swaps	swap	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 stays	conj
17	partners	partner	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 swaps	obj
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 pairs	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stay together	present	one				year	together property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	swap	present	the other	partners					vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent partner=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does that show?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 show	obj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 show	aux
3	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 show	nsubj
4	show	show	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 show	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present · do-support	that						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Penguins differ; "all penguins mate for life" is too simple

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 differ	nsubj
2	differ	differ	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 simple	punct
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 mate	punct
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 mate	det
6	penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 mate	compound
7	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 simple	nsubj
8	for	for	ADP	_	9 life	case
9	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 mate	nmod
10	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 mate	punct
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 simple	cop
12	too	too	ADV	_	13 simple	advmod
13	simple	simple	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 differ	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	differ	present	Penguins						vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	all penguins mate for life					simple property	tree rules

Option 2

Penguins only pair up in zoos

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 pair	nsubj
2	only	only	ADV	_	3 pair	advmod
3	pair	pair	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	up	up	ADP	_	3 pair	compound:prt
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 zoos	case
6	zoos	zoo	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 pair	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pair up	present	Penguins			zoos			vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient

Option 3

The zoo mixed up their names

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 zoo	det
2	zoo	zoo	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 mixed	obl:unmarked
3	mixed	mix	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	up	up	ADP	_	3 mixed	compound:prt
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 names	nmod:poss
6	names	name	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 mixed	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mix up	participle		the zoo					vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Patient
2	name		their = they						nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Option 4

One of the penguins is broken

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	root	root
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 penguins	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 penguins	det
4	penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 One	nmod
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 broken	aux:pass
6	broken	break	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 One	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	break	present · passive							vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/myths/10-birds-and-baby-animals/t9/