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Test 1 · ★ · Animals in the sea and the river

"Whales live in the sea, so they're fish, obviously." What's the flaw?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Whales, flaw · What happens: live, be · To what, where: sea, fish

This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 11 «Animals in the sea and the river» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: "Whales live in the sea, so they're fish, obviously."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 live	punct
2	Whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 live	nsubj
3	live	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 sea	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 sea	det
6	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 live	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 fish	punct
8	so	so	ADV	_	11 fish	advmod
9	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 fish	nsubj
10	're	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 fish	cop
11	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 live	conj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 obviously	punct
13	obviously	obviously	ADV	_	3 live	advmod
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 live	punct
15	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 live	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live in a quote	present	Whales			the sea		obviously property	vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sea=Location
2	is a in a quote	present	Whales = whale	fish					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's the flaw?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 flaw	det
4	flaw	flaw	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the flaw						tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Fish breathe air too, so there's no difference at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 breathe	nsubj
2	breathe	breathe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 breathe	obj
4	too	too	ADV	_	2 breathe	advmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 's	punct
6	so	so	ADV	_	8 's	advmod
7	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	8 's	expl
8	's	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 breathe	conj
9	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	10 difference	det
10	difference	difference	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 's	nsubj
11	at	at	ADP	_	12 all	case
12	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 's	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	breathe	present	Fish	air					vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme
2	be	present	no difference			all; there			vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at all=Location

Option 2

Whales live on land too

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 live	nsubj
2	live	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	on	on	ADP	_	4 land	case
4	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 live	obl
5	too	too	ADV	_	2 live	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	present	Whales			land			vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on land=Location

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Where an animal lives doesn't decide what it is

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	4 lives	advmod
2	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 animal	det
3	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 lives	nsubj
4	lives	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 decide	advcl
5	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 decide	aux
6	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	7 decide	advmod
7	decide	decide	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	7 decide	ccomp
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 what	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 what	cop

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	present	a animal						vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	not decide	present · do-support							vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	is a	present	animal						tree rules

Option 4

Nothing, sea animals are all fish

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 fish	punct
3	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 animals	compound
4	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 fish	nsubj
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 fish	cop
6	all	all	ADV	_	7 fish	advmod
7	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Nothing	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	sea animals	fish				all property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/myths/11-animals-in-the-sea-and-the-river/t1/