Exam question 1 · Weather, lightning and storms

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the incidence of lightning upon a given location?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, give · To what, where: incidence

This is exam question 1 of lesson 15 «Weather, lightning and storms» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 incidence	det
10	incidence	incidence	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 lightning	case
12	lightning	lightning	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 incidence	nmod
13	upon	upon	ADP	_	16 location	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 location	det
15	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	16 location	amod
16	location	location	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 lightning	nmod
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the incidence of lightning upon a given location	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	give	participle			vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Lightning is incapable of striking a location more than once

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lightning	lightning	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 incapable	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 incapable	cop
3	incapable	incapable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	of	of	SCONJ	_	5 striking	mark
5	striking	strike	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 incapable	advcl
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 location	det
7	location	location	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 striking	obj
8	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	5 striking	advmod
9	than	than	ADP	_	8 more	fixed
10	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	8 more	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Lightning					incapable property	tree rules
2	strike	gerund	Lightning not said here	a location					vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent location=Patient

Option 2

Lightning avoids structures previously struck

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lightning	lightning	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 avoids	nsubj
2	avoids	avoid	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	structures	structure	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 avoids	obj
4	previously	previously	ADV	_	5 struck	advmod
5	struck	strike	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 avoids	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	avoid	present	Lightning	structures					vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent structure=Location
2	strike	participle	Lightning not said here					previously property	vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

Lightning strikes exclusively in open countryside

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lightning	lightning	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 strikes	nsubj
2	strikes	strike	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	2 strikes	advmod
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 countryside	case
5	open	open	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 countryside	amod
6	countryside	countryside	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 strikes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	strike	present	Lightning			open countryside		exclusively property	vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in countryside=Location

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Lightning frequently strikes the same location, tall structures especially

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lightning	lightning	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 strikes	nsubj
2	frequently	frequently	ADV	_	3 strikes	advmod
3	strikes	strike	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 location	det
5	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 location	amod
6	location	location	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 strikes	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 structures	punct
8	tall	tall	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 structures	amod
9	structures	structure	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 location	appos
10	especially	especially	ADV	_	3 strikes	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	strike	present	Lightning	the same location				especially, frequently property	vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent location=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/myths/15-weather-lightning-and-storms/e1/