Exam question 4 · Weather, lightning and storms

Ascertain the nature of the phenomenon commonly termed heat lightning.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, phenomenon · What happens: ascertain, term · To what, where: nature, heat lightning

This is exam question 4 of lesson 15 «Weather, lightning and storms» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 nature	det
3	nature	nature	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 phenomenon	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 phenomenon	det
6	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 nature	nmod
7	commonly	commonly	ADV	_	8 termed	advmod
8	termed	term	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 phenomenon	acl
9	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 lightning	compound
10	lightning	lightning	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 termed	obj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the nature of the phenomenon					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nature=Topic
2	term	participle	the phenomenon not said here	heat lightning				commonly property	vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lightning=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Lightning devoid of electrical charge

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lightning	lightning	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	devoid	devoid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Lightning	amod
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 charge	case
4	electrical	electrical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 charge	amod
5	charge	charge	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 devoid	obl

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

Sunlight reflected from clouds after sunset

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sunlight	Sunlight	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 reflected	nsubj
2	reflected	reflect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 clouds	case
4	clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 reflected	obl
5	after	after	ADP	_	6 sunset	case
6	sunset	sunset	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reflected	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reflect	past	Sunlight			clouds	sunset		vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

A distinct form of lightning produced by heat alone

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 form	det
2	distinct	distinct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 form	amod
3	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 lightning	case
5	lightning	lightning	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 form	nmod
6	produced	produce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 form	acl
7	by	by	ADP	_	8 heat	case
8	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 produced	obl
9	alone	alone	ADV	_	6 produced	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	produce	participle		a distinct form of lightning not said here				by heat; alone property	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	form			lightning					nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Ordinary lightning at a distance too great for its thunder to be heard

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ordinary	ordinary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 lightning	amod
2	lightning	lightning	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 great	nsubj
3	at	at	ADP	_	5 distance	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 distance	det
5	distance	distance	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 great	obl
6	too	too	ADV	_	7 great	advmod
7	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	for	for	ADP	_	10 thunder	case
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 thunder	nmod:poss
10	thunder	thunder	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 great	obl
11	to	to	PART	_	13 heard	mark
12	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	13 heard	aux:pass
13	heard	hear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 thunder	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hear	to-infinitive · passive							vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»
2	thunder		lightning						nom thunder «event intransitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/myths/15-weather-lightning-and-storms/e4/