Exam question 3 · Water, deserts and the shape of the land

Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the salinity of the oceans.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, response, established facts · What happens: select, be, establish, concern · To what, where: response, salinity

This is exam question 3 of lesson 16 «Water, deserts and the shape of the land» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 facts	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
9	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 facts	amod
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consistent	obl
11	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 facts	acl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 salinity	det
13	salinity	salinity	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 concerning	obj
14	of	of	ADP	_	16 oceans	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 oceans	det
16	oceans	ocean	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 salinity	nmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	is	present	the response		with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the salinity of the oceans		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus salinity=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Salinity is produced by the excretions of marine animals

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Salinity	salinity	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 produced	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 produced	aux:pass
3	produced	produce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 excretions	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 excretions	det
6	excretions	excretion	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 produced	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 animals	case
8	marine	marine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 animals	amod
9	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 excretions	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	produce	present · passive	the excretions of marine animals	Salinity					vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Result
2	excrete			marine animals					nom excretion «process transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

Salinity originates exclusively from saline rainfall

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Salinity	salinity	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 originates	nsubj
2	originates	originate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	2 originates	advmod
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 rainfall	case
5	saline	saline	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 rainfall	amod
6	rainfall	rainfall	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 originates	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	originate	present	Salinity			saline rainfall		exclusively property	vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Salinity is generated by the action of the tides

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Salinity	salinity	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 generated	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 generated	aux:pass
3	generated	generate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 action	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 action	det
6	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 generated	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 tides	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 tides	det
9	tides	tide	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 action	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	generate	present · passive	the action of the tides	Salinity					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient
2	act		the tides						nom action «act intransitive»: of=agent

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Minerals eroded from rock are conveyed by rivers and remain upon evaporation

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Minerals	mineral	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 conveyed	nsubj:pass
2	eroded	erode	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	1 Minerals	acl
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 rock	case
4	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 eroded	obl
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 conveyed	aux:pass
6	conveyed	convey	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	by	by	ADP	_	8 rivers	case
8	rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 conveyed	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 remain	cc
10	remain	remain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 conveyed	conj
11	upon	upon	ADP	_	12 evaporation	case
12	evaporation	evaporation	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 remain	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	erode	past	Minerals not said here		rock	vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	convey	present · passive	rivers	Minerals		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent subject=Topic
3	remain	present	rivers not said here		evaporation	vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon evaporation=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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