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Test 10 · ★ · Petrol stations, pools and things that go bang

Ava says holding your breath helps you float. Her brother says that's a myth. Who is right?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Ava, holding, you, brother, that · What happens: say, hold, help, float, be · To what, where: breath, you, myth · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 10 · ★ of lesson 23 «Petrol stations, pools and things that go bang» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Ava says holding your breath helps you float.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ava	Ava	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	holding	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 helps	csubj
4	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 breath	nmod:poss
5	breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 holding	obj
6	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 says	ccomp
7	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	6 helps	obj
8	float	float	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 helps	xcomp
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Ava						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	hold	gerund		your breath					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breath=Theme
3	help	present	holding	you					vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme
4	float	infinitive	you not said here						vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Her brother says that's a myth.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 brother	nmod:poss
2	brother	brother	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	7 myth	nsubj
5	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 myth	cop
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 myth	det
7	myth	myth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	ccomp
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Ava's brother						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is a	present	that	a myth					tree rules

Sentence 3: Who is right?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 right	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						right property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Her brother: breath makes no difference

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 brother	nmod:poss
2	brother	brother	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 breath	nmod:poss
3	:	:	PUNCT	_	2 brother	punct
4	breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 makes	nsubj
5	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	7 difference	det
7	difference	difference	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 makes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	Her brother's breath	no difference					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset difference=Product

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Ava: air in the lungs helps you float

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ava	Ava	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 helps	nsubj
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	3 air	punct
3	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 helps	nsubj
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 lungs	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 lungs	det
6	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 air	nmod
7	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	7 helps	obj
9	float	float	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 helps	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	help	present	Ava	you					vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme
2	float	infinitive	you not said here						vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Neither: holding your breath makes you sink

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Neither	neither	DET	PronType=Neg	6 makes	nsubj
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	6 makes	punct
3	holding	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 makes	csubj
4	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 breath	nmod:poss
5	breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 holding	obj
6	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	6 makes	obj
8	sink	sink	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 makes	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	gerund		your breath					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breath=Theme
2	make	present	Neither	you					tree rules
3	sink	infinitive	you not said here						vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 4

Both: it helps only in salty sea water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	4 helps	nsubj
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	4 helps	punct
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 helps	nsubj
4	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	only	only	ADV	_	9 water	advmod
6	in	in	ADP	_	9 water	case
7	salty	salty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 water	amod
8	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 water	compound
9	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 helps	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	help	present	Both	salty sea water					vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Beneficiary

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/myths/23-petrol-stations-pools-and-things-that-go-bang/t10/