Exam question 1 · How would we know? Asking experts and spotting tricks

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the term "superfood"?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: term

This is exam question 1 of lesson 30 «How would we know? Asking experts and spotting tricks» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 term	det
10	term	term	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	"	"	PUNCT	_	12 superfood	punct
12	superfood	superfood	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 term	appos
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	12 superfood	punct
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the term				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

A legal classification of medicinal produce

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 classification	det
2	legal	legal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 classification	amod
3	classification	classification	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 produce	case
5	medicinal	medicinal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 produce	amod
6	produce	produce	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 classification	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	classify			medicinal produce					nom classification «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

A marketing expression lacking scientific definition

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 expression	det
2	marketing	marketing	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 expression	compound
3	expression	expression	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	lacking	lack	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 expression	acl
5	scientific	scientific	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 definition	amod
6	definition	definition	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 lacking	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lack	gerund	a marketing expression not said here	scientific definition					tree rules

Option 3

A scientific category of foods proven to cure disease

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 category	det
2	scientific	scientific	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 category	amod
3	category	category	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 foods	case
5	foods	food	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 category	nmod
6	proven	prove	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 foods	acl
7	to	to	PART	_	8 cure	mark
8	cure	cure	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 proven	xcomp
9	disease	disease	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 cure	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prove	participle		foods not said here					vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	cure	to-infinitive		disease					vn free-10.6.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer disease=Source

Option 4

A term denoting foods cultivated in orbit

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 term	det
2	term	term	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	denoting	denote	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 term	acl
4	foods	food	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 denoting	obj
5	cultivated	cultivate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 term	acl
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 orbit	case
7	orbit	orbit	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cultivated	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	denote	gerund	a term not said here	foods					vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot food=Topic
2	cultivate	participle		a term not said here		orbit			vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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