Exam question 3 · Olympiad: which claim is true? ★★★

Identify the observation which demonstrates that the distance of the Earth from the Sun does not determine the seasons.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, observation, distance · What happens: identify, demonstrate, not determine · To what, where: observation

This is exam question 3 of lesson 36 «Olympiad: which claim is true? ★★★» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 observation	det
3	observation	observation	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 demonstrates	nsubj
5	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 observation	acl:relcl
6	that	that	SCONJ	_	17 determine	mark
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 distance	det
8	distance	distance	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 determine	nsubj
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 Earth	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 Earth	det
11	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 distance	nmod
12	from	from	ADP	_	14 Sun	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 Sun	det
14	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 distance	nmod
15	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 determine	aux
16	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	17 determine	advmod
17	determine	determine	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 demonstrates	advcl
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 seasons	det
19	seasons	season	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 determine	obj
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the observation		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent observation=Theme
2	demonstrate	present	the observation			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	not determine	present · do-support	the distance of the Earth from the Sun		season	vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The Sun appears yellow from the ground

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Sun	det
2	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 appears	nsubj
3	appears	appear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	yellow	yellow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 appears	xcomp
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 ground	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 ground	det
7	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 appears	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	appear	present	the Sun			the ground		yellow property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Britain experiences winter when the Earth is nearest the Sun

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Britain	Britain	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 experiences	nsubj
2	experiences	experience	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 experiences	obj
4	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	8 nearest	advmod
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Earth	det
6	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 nearest	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 nearest	cop
8	nearest	near	ADJ	Degree=Sup	2 experiences	conj
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Sun	det
10	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 nearest	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	experience	present	Britain				winter		vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer
2	is	present	the Earth					the Sun obl; near property	tree rules

Option 3

Australia experiences summer in January, when the Earth is nearest

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Australia	Australia	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 experiences	nsubj
2	experiences	experience	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 experiences	obj
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 January	case
5	January	January	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 experiences	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 nearest	punct
7	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	11 nearest	advmod
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Earth	det
9	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 nearest	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 nearest	cop
11	nearest	near	ADJ	Degree=Sup	2 experiences	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	experience	present	Australia				january; summer		vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer
2	is	present	the Earth					near property	tree rules

Option 4

The Moon is visible during the daytime

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Moon	det
2	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 visible	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 visible	cop
4	visible	visible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	during	during	ADP	_	7 daytime	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 daytime	det
7	daytime	daytime	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 visible	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the Moon				during the daytime	visible property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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