Test 3 · ★ · Colds, coughs and the weather Two friends argue. Kai: "Colds come from viruses." Bea: "No, from cold weather, that's why it's called a cold!" Who is right?
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Two friends, Kai, cold weather · What happens: argue, come, be, call · To what, where: viruses, cold weather, weather · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 4 «Colds, coughs and the weather» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Two friends argue.
nummod nsubj punct root Two NUM friends NOUN argue VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 2 friends nummod 2 friends friend NOUN Number=Plur 3 argue nsubj 3 argue argue VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 . . PUNCT _ 3 argue punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 argue speech: disagree present Two friends vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Kai: "Colds come from viruses."
nsubj punct punct nsubj case obl punct punct root Kai PROPN : PUNCT " PUNCT Colds NOUN come VERB from ADP viruses NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Kai Kai PROPN Number=Sing 5 come nsubj 2 : : PUNCT _ 5 come punct 3 " " PUNCT _ 5 come punct 4 Colds cold NOUN Number=Plur 5 come nsubj 5 come come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 from from ADP _ 7 viruses case 7 viruses virus NOUN Number=Plur 5 come obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 come punct 9 " " PUNCT _ 5 come punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come in a quote present Kai viruses vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from virus=Initial_Location
Sentence 3: Bea: "No, from cold weather, that's why it's called a cold!"
punct punct discourse punct case amod appos punct nsubj cop acl:relcl nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl det xcomp punct punct root Bea PROPN : PUNCT " PUNCT No INTJ , PUNCT from ADP cold ADJ weather NOUN , PUNCT that PRON 's AUX why ADV it PRON 's AUX called VERB a DET cold NOUN ! PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bea Bea PROPN Number=Sing root root 2 : : PUNCT _ 8 weather punct 3 " " PUNCT _ 8 weather punct 4 No no INTJ Polarity=Neg 8 weather discourse 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 weather punct 6 from from ADP _ 8 weather case 7 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 8 weather amod 8 weather weather NOUN Number=Sing 1 Bea appos 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 why punct 10 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 12 why nsubj 11 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 why cop 12 why why ADV PronType=Int 8 weather acl:relcl 13 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 called nsubj:pass 14 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 called aux:pass 15 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 why advcl 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 cold det 17 cold cold NOUN Number=Sing 15 called xcomp 18 ! ! PUNCT _ 15 called punct 19 " " PUNCT _ 12 why punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is in a quote present cold weather cold weather not said here why property tree rules 2 call in a quote present · passive weather vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Sentence 4: Who is right?
nsubj cop punct root Who PRON is AUX right ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Who who PRON PronType=Rel 3 right nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 right cop 3 right right ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 right punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present right property tree rules
The options Option 1 · ✓ the right answer Kai, the name is old and the cause is a virus
nsubj punct det nsubj cop cc det nsubj cop det conj root Kai PROPN , PUNCT the DET name NOUN is AUX old ADJ and CCONJ the DET cause NOUN is AUX a DET virus NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Kai Kai PROPN Number=Sing 6 old nsubj 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Kai punct 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 name det 4 name name NOUN Number=Sing 6 old nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 old cop 6 old old ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 and and CCONJ _ 12 virus cc 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 cause det 9 cause cause NOUN Number=Sing 12 virus nsubj 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 virus cop 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 virus det 12 virus virus NOUN Number=Sing 6 old conj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Kai old property tree rules 2 is a present the cause a virus tree rules
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice Neither, colds come from eating ice cream
advmod punct nsubj mark advcl compound obj root Neither ADV , PUNCT colds NOUN come VERB from SCONJ eating VERB ice NOUN cream NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Neither neither ADV _ 4 come advmod 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Neither punct 3 colds cold NOUN Number=Plur 4 come nsubj 4 come come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 from from SCONJ _ 6 eating mark 6 eating eat VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 come advcl 7 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 8 cream compound 8 cream cream NOUN Number=Sing 6 eating obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come present colds neither property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 eat gerund colds not said here ice cream vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cream=Patient
Option 3 Both, half of colds are viruses and half weather
det punct nsubj case nmod cop cc compound conj root Both DET , PUNCT half NOUN of ADP colds NOUN are AUX viruses NOUN and CCONJ half NOUN weather NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Both both DET PronType=Tot 3 half det 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Both punct 3 half half NOUN Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac 7 viruses nsubj 4 of of ADP _ 5 colds case 5 colds cold NOUN Number=Plur 3 half nmod 6 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 viruses cop 7 viruses virus NOUN Number=Plur root root 8 and and CCONJ _ 10 weather cc 9 half half NOUN Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac 10 weather compound 10 weather weather NOUN Number=Sing 7 viruses conj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present both half of colds viruses and half weather tree rules
Option 4 Bea, the name proves where it comes from
nsubj punct det nsubj advmod nsubj ccomp obl root Bea PROPN , PUNCT the DET name NOUN proves VERB where ADV it PRON comes VERB from ADP The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bea Bea PROPN Number=Sing 5 proves nsubj 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Bea punct 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 name det 4 name name NOUN Number=Sing 5 proves nsubj 5 proves prove VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 where where ADV PronType=Rel 8 comes advmod 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 comes nsubj 8 comes come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 proves ccomp 9 from from ADP _ 8 comes obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 prove present Bea vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 come present name vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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