Test 4 · ★ · Moving, swimming and sport Your uncle stopped going to the gym. His arms got thinner and his belly bigger. "See? Muscle's turned to fat," he says. What really happened?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: uncle, arms, you, belly · What happens: stop, go, get, see, turn, say · To what, where: gym, Muscle, fat · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 5 «Moving, swimming and sport» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Your uncle stopped going to the gym.
nmod:poss nsubj xcomp case det obl punct root Your PRON uncle NOUN stopped VERB going VERB to ADP the DET gym NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 uncle nmod:poss 2 uncle uncle NOUN Number=Sing 3 stopped nsubj 3 stopped stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 going go VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 stopped xcomp 5 to to ADP _ 7 gym case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 gym det 7 gym gym NOUN Number=Sing 4 going obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 stopped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop past Your uncle vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 2 go gerund Your uncle not said here the gym vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to gym=Initial_Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: His arms got thinner and his belly bigger. "
nmod:poss nsubj xcomp cc nmod:poss nsubj conj punct punct root His PRON arms NOUN got VERB thinner ADJ and CCONJ his PRON belly NOUN bigger ADJ . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 arms nmod:poss 2 arms arm NOUN Number=Plur 3 got nsubj 3 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 thinner thin ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 got xcomp 5 and and CCONJ _ 8 bigger cc 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 belly nmod:poss 7 belly belly NOUN Number=Sing 8 bigger nsubj 8 bigger big ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 thinner conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 got punct 10 " " PUNCT _ 3 got punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get past uncle's arms thin property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Sentence 3: See?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 See see VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 ? ? PUNCT _ 1 See punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see imperative you not said here vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Sentence 4: Muscle's turned to fat," he says.
ccomp case acl case obl punct punct nsubj punct root Muscle NOUN 's PART turned VERB to ADP fat NOUN , PUNCT " PUNCT he PRON says VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Muscle muscle NOUN Number=Sing 9 says ccomp 2 's 's PART _ 1 Muscle case 3 turned turn VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Muscle acl 4 to to ADP _ 5 fat case 5 fat fat NOUN Number=Sing 3 turned obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 1 Muscle punct 7 " " PUNCT _ 9 says punct 8 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 says nsubj 9 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn participle Muscle not said here fat vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to fat=Trajectory 2 say speech: assert in a quote present belly vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Sentence 5: What really happened?
nsubj advmod punct root What PRON really ADV happened VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 3 happened nsubj 2 really really ADV _ 3 happened advmod 3 happened happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 happened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 happen past vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
The options Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer Two separate changes: muscle shrank and fat grew
nummod amod punct nsubj acl:relcl cc nsubj conj root Two NUM separate ADJ changes NOUN : PUNCT muscle NOUN shrank VERB and CCONJ fat NOUN grew VERB The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 changes nummod 2 separate separate ADJ Degree=Pos 3 changes amod 3 changes change NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 : : PUNCT _ 6 shrank punct 5 muscle muscle NOUN Number=Sing 6 shrank nsubj 6 shrank shrink VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 changes acl:relcl 7 and and CCONJ _ 9 grew cc 8 fat fat NOUN Number=Sing 9 grew nsubj 9 grew grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 shrank conj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shrink past muscle Two separate changes not said here vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent change=Patient 2 grow past fat vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Option 2 He grew new fat out of old muscle
nsubj amod obj case case amod obl root He PRON grew VERB new ADJ fat NOUN out ADP of ADP old ADJ muscle NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 grew nsubj 2 grew grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 4 fat amod 4 fat fat NOUN Number=Sing 2 grew obj 5 out out ADP _ 8 muscle case 6 of of ADP _ 8 muscle case 7 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 8 muscle amod 8 muscle muscle NOUN Number=Sing 2 grew obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow past He new fat old muscle vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location fat=Theme
Option 3 His fat moved from his arms to his belly
nmod:poss nsubj case nmod:poss obl case nmod:poss obl root His PRON fat NOUN moved VERB from ADP his PRON arms NOUN to ADP his PRON belly NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 fat nmod:poss 2 fat fat NOUN Number=Sing 3 moved nsubj 3 moved move VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 from from ADP _ 6 arms case 5 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 arms nmod:poss 6 arms arm NOUN Number=Plur 3 moved obl 7 to to ADP _ 9 belly case 8 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 belly nmod:poss 9 belly belly NOUN Number=Sing 3 moved obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 move past His fat fat's arms to fat's belly vn slide-11.2 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from arm=Initial_Location to belly=Destination
Option 4 His muscle cells slowly turned into fat cells over the winter
nmod:poss compound nsubj advmod case compound obl case det obl root His PRON muscle NOUN cells NOUN slowly ADV turned VERB into ADP fat NOUN cells NOUN over ADP the DET winter NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 cells nmod:poss 2 muscle muscle NOUN Number=Sing 3 cells compound 3 cells cell NOUN Number=Plur 5 turned nsubj 4 slowly slowly ADV _ 5 turned advmod 5 turned turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 into into ADP _ 8 cells case 7 fat fat NOUN Number=Sing 8 cells compound 8 cells cell NOUN Number=Plur 5 turned obl 9 over over ADP _ 11 winter case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 winter det 11 winter winter NOUN Number=Sing 5 turned obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn past His muscle cells fat cells winter slowly property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into cell=Trajectory
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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