Test 5 · Why things fall: the apple and the pull of the Earth

Mate says rain should kill ya, it falls from a mile up. what do you say?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Mate, rain, you · What happens: say, kill, fall up · To what, where: ya · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 5 of lesson 1 «Why things fall: the apple and the pull of the Earth» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 kill	nsubj
4	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 kill	aux
5	kill	kill	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 says	ccomp
6	ya	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	5 kill	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 falls	punct
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 falls	nsubj
9	falls	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 says	conj
10	from	from	ADP	_	12 mile	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 mile	det
12	mile	mile	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 falls	obl
13	up	up	ADP	_	9 falls	compound:prt
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 falls	punct
15	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	18 say	obj
16	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 say	aux
17	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	18 say	nsubj
18	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 falls	conj
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Mate			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	kill	should	rain	ya		vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme
3	fall up	present	rain		from a mile	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from mile=Initial_Location
4	say speech: assert	present · do-support	you			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Rain is too light for gravity

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 light	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 light	cop
3	too	too	ADV	_	4 light	advmod
4	light	light	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 gravity	case
6	gravity	gravity	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 light	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Rain					for gravity; light property	tree rules

Option 2

Clouds throw rain very gently

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 throw	nsubj
2	throw	throw	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 throw	obj
4	very	very	ADV	_	5 gently	advmod
5	gently	gently	ADV	_	2 throw	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	throw	present	Clouds	rain				gently property	vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rain=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Air slows each drop to a steady speed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 slows	nsubj
2	slows	slow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	4 drop	det
4	drop	drop	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 slows	obj
5	to	to	ADP	_	8 speed	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 speed	det
7	steady	steady	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 speed	amod
8	speed	speed	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 slows	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	slow	present	Air	each drop				to a steady speed	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent drop=Patient

Option 4

Raindrops slow down as they get near us

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Raindrops	raindrop	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 slow	nsubj
2	slow	slow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	down	down	ADP	_	2 slow	compound:prt
4	as	as	SCONJ	_	6 get	mark
5	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 get	nsubj
6	get	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 slow	advcl
7	near	near	ADP	_	8 us	case
8	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 get	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	slow down	present	Raindrops						vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	get	present	Raindrops = raindrop					near us	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/1-why-things-fall/t5/