Exam question 1 · Floating and sinking: the push of the water

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the upward force exerted by water upon an immersed body?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, exert, immerse · To what, where: upward force

This is exam question 1 of lesson 11 «Floating and sinking: the push of the water» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 force	det
10	upward	upward	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 force	amod
11	force	force	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	exerted	exert	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 force	acl
13	by	by	ADP	_	14 water	case
14	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 exerted	obl
15	upon	upon	ADP	_	18 body	case
16	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 body	det
17	immersed	immerse	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	18 body	amod
18	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 exerted	obl
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the upward force	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	exert	participle	the upward force not said here	by water; upon a immersed body	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	immerse	participle			vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It is equal to the weight of the water displaced

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 equal	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 equal	cop
3	equal	equal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 weight	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 weight	det
6	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 equal	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 water	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 water	det
9	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 weight	nmod
10	displaced	displace	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 water	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					to the weight of the water; equal property	tree rules
2	displace	participle		the water not said here					tree rules

Option 2

It is exerted only upon bodies that float

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 exerted	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 exerted	aux:pass
3	exerted	exert	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	only	only	ADV	_	6 bodies	advmod
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	6 bodies	case
6	bodies	body	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 exerted	obl
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 float	nsubj
8	float	float	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 bodies	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exert	present · passive		It				upon bodies	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	float	present	bodies						vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

It is independent of the volume of the body

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 independent	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 independent	cop
3	independent	independent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 volume	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 volume	det
6	volume	volume	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 independent	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 body	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 body	det
9	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 volume	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					of the volume of the body; independent property	tree rules

Option 4

It is equal to the weight of the body in every case

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 equal	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 equal	cop
3	equal	equal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 weight	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 weight	det
6	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 equal	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 body	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 body	det
9	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 weight	nmod
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 case	case
11	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	12 case	det
12	case	case	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 equal	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It			every case		to the weight of the body; equal property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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