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Exam question 3 · Floating in the real world: ice, submarines and balloons

It is given that the air within a hot-air balloon is permitted to cool. Ascertain the consequence for the balloon.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: give, permit, cool, ascertain · To what, where: It, air, consequence

This is exam question 3 of lesson 12 «Floating in the real world: ice, submarines and balloons» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that the air within a hot-air balloon is permitted to cool.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	14 permitted	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 air	det
6	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 permitted	nsubj:pass
7	within	within	ADP	_	12 balloon	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 balloon	det
9	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 air	amod
10	-	-	PUNCT	_	9 hot	punct
11	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 balloon	compound
12	balloon	balloon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 air	nmod
13	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 permitted	aux:pass
14	permitted	permit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 given	advcl
15	to	to	PART	_	16 cool	mark
16	cool	cool	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 permitted	xcomp
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	permit	present · passive		the air within a air balloon					vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality
3	cool not said to happen	to-infinitive							vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Ascertain the consequence for the balloon.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 consequence	det
3	consequence	consequence	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	6 balloon	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 balloon	det
6	balloon	balloon	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 consequence	nmod
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the consequence				for the balloon	vn ensure-99 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Precondition consequence=Theme for balloon=Beneficiary

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It bursts immediately

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 bursts	nsubj
2	bursts	burst	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	immediately	immediately	ADV	_	2 bursts	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	burst	present	It					immediately property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It descends gradually

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 descends	nsubj
2	descends	descend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	gradually	gradually	ADV	_	2 descends	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	descend	present	It					gradually property	vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

It ascends rapidly

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 ascends	nsubj
2	ascends	ascend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	_	2 ascends	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascend	present	It					rapidly property	vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

It remains at a fixed altitude

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 remains	nsubj
2	remains	remain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	at	at	ADP	_	6 altitude	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 altitude	det
5	fixed	fix	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 altitude	amod
6	altitude	altitude	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 remains	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	remain	present	It			a fixed altitude			vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at altitude=Location
2	fix	participle							vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/12-ice-submarines-and-balloons/e3/