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Test 3 · ★ · Floating in the real world: ice, submarines and balloons

In a film a whole ship hits a tiny bit of ice and sinks. Why is that not so strange?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: whole ship · What happens: hit, sink, not be · To what, where: tiny bit, film

This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 12 «Floating in the real world: ice, submarines and balloons» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a film a whole ship hits a tiny bit of ice and sinks.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 film	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 film	det
3	film	film	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 hits	obl
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 ship	det
5	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 ship	amod
6	ship	ship	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 hits	nsubj
7	hits	hit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 bit	det
9	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 bit	amod
10	bit	bit	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 hits	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 ice	case
12	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 bit	nmod
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 sinks	cc
14	sinks	sink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 hits	conj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 hits	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hit	present	a whole ship	a tiny bit of ice		a film			vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent bit=Theme in film=Destination
2	sink	present	a whole ship not said here						vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why is that not so strange?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 strange	advmod
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 strange	cop
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	6 strange	mark
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 strange	advmod
5	so	so	ADV	_	6 strange	advmod
6	strange	strange	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 strange	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is	present						strange property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Only the tip of a ship is strong

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	3 tip	advmod
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 tip	det
3	tip	tip	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 strong	nsubj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 ship	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 ship	det
6	ship	ship	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 tip	nmod
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 strong	cop
8	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the tip of a ship					strong property	tree rules

Option 2

Ice is heavier than steel

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 heavier	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 heavier	cop
3	heavier	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
4	than	than	ADP	_	5 steel	case
5	steel	steel	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 heavier	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Ice					than steel; heavy property	tree rules

Option 3

The ice pulled the ship down with its icy weight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 ice	det
2	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pulled	nsubj
3	pulled	pull	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 ship	det
5	ship	ship	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pulled	obj
6	down	down	ADP	_	3 pulled	compound:prt
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 weight	case
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 weight	nmod:poss
9	icy	icy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 weight	amod
10	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pulled	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pull down	past	the ice	the ship				with ice's icy weight	vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ship=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Most of the iceberg was hidden under water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 hidden	nsubj:pass
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 iceberg	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 iceberg	det
4	iceberg	iceberg	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Most	nmod
5	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 hidden	aux:pass
6	hidden	hide	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	under	under	ADP	_	8 water	case
8	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hidden	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hide	past · passive		Most of the iceberg		water			vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Patient under water=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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