Test 7 · The air presses on everything
Your brother blows a balloon until it bangs. Why did it burst?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: brother, balloon · What happens: blow, bang, burst · To what, where: balloon
This is test 7 of lesson 14 «The air presses on everything» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Your brother blows a balloon until it bangs.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 brother | nmod:poss |
| 2 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 blows | nsubj |
| 3 | blows | blow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 balloon | det |
| 5 | balloon | balloon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 blows | obj |
| 6 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 8 bangs | mark |
| 7 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 bangs | nsubj |
| 8 | bangs | bang | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 blows | advcl |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 blows | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | blow | present | Your brother | a balloon | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent balloon=Patient | ||||
| 2 | bang | present | balloon | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Why did it burst?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 burst | advmod |
| 2 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 burst | aux |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 burst | nsubj |
| 4 | burst | burst | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 burst | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | burst | past · do-support | balloon | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
The rubber could not stretch any more against the air pushing out
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 rubber | det |
| 2 | rubber | rubber | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 stretch | nsubj |
| 3 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 stretch | aux |
| 4 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 5 stretch | advmod |
| 5 | stretch | stretch | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | any | any | ADV | _ | 7 more | advmod |
| 7 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 5 stretch | advmod |
| 8 | against | against | ADP | _ | 10 air | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 air | det |
| 10 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 stretch | obl |
| 11 | pushing | push | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 air | acl |
| 12 | out | out | ADP | _ | 11 pushing | compound:prt |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not stretch | could | the rubber | against the air | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 2 | push out | gerund | the air not said here | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |
Option 2
The balloon got too cold to hold the air
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 balloon | det |
| 2 | balloon | balloon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 got | nsubj |
| 3 | got | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | too | too | ADV | _ | 5 cold | advmod |
| 5 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 got | xcomp |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 hold | mark |
| 7 | hold | hold | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 got | xcomp |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 air | det |
| 9 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 hold | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | get | past | the balloon | cold property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | hold | to-infinitive | the balloon not said here | the air | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme |
Option 3
The air inside suddenly turned heavy
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 air | det |
| 2 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 turned | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | inside | inside | ADV | _ | 2 air | advmod |
| 4 | suddenly | suddenly | ADV | _ | 5 turned | advmod |
| 5 | turned | turn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 turned | xcomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | turn | participle · passive | the air | heavy, suddenly property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme |
Option 4
Balloons always burst after a set number of breaths, however big they are
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Balloons | balloon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 burst | nsubj |
| 2 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 3 burst | advmod |
| 3 | burst | burst | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | after | after | ADP | _ | 7 number | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 number | det |
| 6 | set | set | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 number | amod |
| 7 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 burst | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 breaths | case |
| 9 | breaths | breath | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 number | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 big | punct |
| 11 | however | however | ADV | _ | 12 big | advmod |
| 12 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 burst | conj |
| 13 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 big | nsubj |
| 14 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 big | cop |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | burst | past | Balloons | after a set number of breaths | always property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 2 | is | present | Balloons = balloon | big, however property | tree rules |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/14-the-air-presses-on-everything/t7/