Exam question 4 · Light and shadows

Ascertain the reason for which a red apple presents a red appearance.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, red apple · What happens: ascertain, present · To what, where: reason, red appearance

This is exam question 4 of lesson 20 «Light and shadows» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 reason	det
3	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 presents	obl
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 apple	det
7	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 apple	amod
8	apple	apple	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 presents	nsubj
9	presents	present	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 reason	acl
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 appearance	det
11	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 appearance	amod
12	appearance	appearance	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 presents	obj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the reason					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic
2	present	present	a red apple	a red appearance				for the reason	vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent appearance=Theme for which=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It transmits all light without alteration

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 transmits	nsubj
2	transmits	transmit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 light	det
4	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 transmits	obj
5	without	without	ADP	_	6 alteration	case
6	alteration	alteration	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 transmits	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	transmit	present	It	all light				without alteration	vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Theme

Option 2

It emits red light of its own

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 emits	nsubj
2	emits	emit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 light	amod
4	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 emits	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 own	case
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 own	nmod:poss
7	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 light	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	emit	present	It	red light of light's own					vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source light=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It reflects light of the red colour and absorbs the remainder

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 reflects	nsubj
2	reflects	reflect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reflects	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 colour	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 colour	det
6	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 colour	amod
7	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 light	nmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 absorbs	cc
9	absorbs	absorb	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 reflects	conj
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 remainder	det
11	remainder	remainder	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 absorbs	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	reflect	present	It	light of the red colour	tree rules
2	absorb	present		the remainder	vn absorb-39.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Goal remainder=Theme
3	light			the red colour	nom light «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

It absorbs light of the red colour and reflects the remainder

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 absorbs	nsubj
2	absorbs	absorb	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 absorbs	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 colour	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 colour	det
6	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 colour	amod
7	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 light	nmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 reflects	cc
9	reflects	reflect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 absorbs	conj
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 remainder	det
11	remainder	remainder	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 reflects	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	absorb	present	It	light of the red colour	vn absorb-39.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Goal light=Theme
2	reflect	present		the remainder	tree rules
3	light			the red colour	nom light «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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