Test 10 · Heat moves: hot to cold

Why does a picnic cool box with ice packs keep ice cream from melting quickly?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: cool box · What happens: keep, melt · To what, where: ice cream

This is test 10 of lesson 23 «Heat moves: hot to cold» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	10 keep	advmod
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 keep	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 box	det
4	picnic	picnic	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cool	compound
5	cool	cool	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 box	amod
6	box	box	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 keep	nsubj
7	with	with	ADP	_	9 packs	case
8	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 packs	compound
9	packs	pack	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 box	nmod
10	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 cream	compound
12	cream	cream	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 keep	obj
13	from	from	SCONJ	_	14 melting	mark
14	melting	melt	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 keep	advcl
15	quickly	quickly	ADV	_	14 melting	advmod
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	10 keep	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	present · do-support	a cool box with ice packs	ice cream					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cream=Theme
2	melt	gerund	a cool box with ice packs not said here					quickly property	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It makes the ice cream heavier and harder to melt

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 cream	det
4	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cream	compound
5	cream	cream	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 makes	obj
6	heavier	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 makes	xcomp
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 harder	cc
8	harder	hard	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 heavier	conj
9	to	to	PART	_	10 melt	mark
10	melt	melt	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 harder	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	It	the ice cream				heavy property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material cream=Product
2	melt	to-infinitive	the ice cream not said here						vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It keeps heat from reaching the ice cream

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 keeps	nsubj
2	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 keeps	obj
4	from	from	SCONJ	_	5 reaching	mark
5	reaching	reach	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 keeps	advcl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 cream	det
7	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 cream	compound
8	cream	cream	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 reaching	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	present	It	heat					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme
2	reach	gerund		the ice cream					vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent cream=Theme

Option 3

It turns heat into light

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 turns	nsubj
2	turns	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 turns	obj
4	into	into	ADP	_	5 light	case
5	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 turns	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	present	It	heat		light			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent heat=Theme into light=Trajectory

Option 4

It stops the Sun from rising

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 stops	nsubj
2	stops	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Sun	det
4	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 stops	obj
5	from	from	SCONJ	_	6 rising	mark
6	rising	rise	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 stops	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stop	present	It	the Sun					vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality sun=Eventuality
2	rise	gerund							vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/23-heat-moves-hot-to-cold/t10/