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Test 5 · Heat moves: hot to cold

In a cartoon, a character holds a mug of tea and steam curls into a heart. What is the steam doing for the tea?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: character, steam · What happens: hold, curl, be, do · To what, where: mug, cartoon, heart

This is test 5 of lesson 23 «Heat moves: hot to cold» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon, a character holds a mug of tea and steam curls into a heart.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 holds	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 cartoon	punct
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 character	det
6	character	character	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 holds	nsubj
7	holds	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 mug	det
9	mug	mug	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 holds	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 tea	case
11	tea	tea	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 mug	nmod
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 curls	cc
13	steam	steam	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 curls	nsubj
14	curls	curl	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 holds	conj
15	into	into	ADP	_	17 heart	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 heart	det
17	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 curls	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 holds	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	present	a character	a mug of tea		a cartoon			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent mug=Theme in cartoon=Location
2	curl	present	steam			a heart			vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into heart=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is the steam doing for the tea?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 steam	det
4	steam	steam	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
5	doing	do	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 steam	acl
6	for	for	ADP	_	8 tea	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 tea	det
8	tea	tea	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 doing	obl
9	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the steam						tree rules
2	do	gerund	the steam not said here					for the tea	vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1

Making the tea stronger and darker

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Making	make	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 tea	det
3	tea	tea	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Making	obj
4	stronger	strong	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	1 Making	xcomp
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 darker	cc
6	darker	dark	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 stronger	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	gerund		the tea				strong property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset tea=Product

Option 2

Keeping it warm by staying close to it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Keeping	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 warm	csubj
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Keeping	obj
3	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	by	by	SCONJ	_	5 staying	mark
5	staying	stay	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 warm	advcl
6	close	close	ADV	Degree=Pos	5 staying	advmod
7	to	to	ADP	_	8 it	case
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 staying	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	gerund		it					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
2	stay	gerund			it			close property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Carrying heat away and cooling it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Carrying	carry	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Carrying	obj
3	away	away	ADV	_	1 Carrying	advmod
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 cooling	cc
5	cooling	cool	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Carrying	conj
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 cooling	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry away	gerund		heat				away property	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme
2	cool	gerund		heat					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient

Option 4

Slowly turning the tea into hot cocoa

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Slowly	slowly	ADV	_	2 turning	advmod
2	turning	turn	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 tea	det
4	tea	tea	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 turning	obj
5	into	into	ADP	_	7 cocoa	case
6	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 cocoa	amod
7	cocoa	cocoa	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 turning	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	gerund		the tea		hot cocoa		slowly property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent tea=Theme into cocoa=Trajectory

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/23-heat-moves-hot-to-cold/t5/