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Exam question 3 · Static electricity: balloons, hair and sparks

It is asserted that lightning does not strike the same location on more than one occasion. Select the response that is consistent with the established facts.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: lightning, you, response · What happens: assert, not strike, select, be, establish · To what, where: It, same location, response

This is exam question 3 of lesson 26 «Static electricity: balloons, hair and sparks» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is asserted that lightning does not strike the same location on more than one occasion.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 asserted	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 asserted	aux:pass
3	asserted	assert	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 strike	mark
5	lightning	lightning	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 strike	nsubj
6	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 strike	aux
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 strike	advmod
8	strike	strike	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 asserted	advcl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 location	det
10	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 location	amod
11	location	location	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 strike	obj
12	on	on	ADP	_	16 occasion	case
13	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV	15 one	advmod
14	than	than	ADP	_	13 more	fixed
15	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	16 occasion	nummod
16	occasion	occasion	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 strike	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 asserted	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	assert	present · passive		It					vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	not strike	present · do-support	lightning	the same location				on one occasion	vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent location=Instrument on occasion=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Select the response that is consistent with the established facts.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 facts	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
9	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 facts	amod
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consistent	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response					vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	is	present	the response					with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle							vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Tall structures are struck repeatedly, some many times within a single year

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Tall	tall	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 structures	amod
2	structures	structure	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 struck	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 struck	aux:pass
4	struck	strike	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	repeatedly	repeatedly	ADV	_	4 struck	advmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 times	punct
7	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	9 times	det
8	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 times	amod
9	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 struck	obl:unmarked
10	within	within	ADP	_	13 year	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 year	det
12	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 year	amod
13	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 struck	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	strike	present · passive		Tall structures			time; year	repeatedly property	vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Lightning strikes each location exactly twice

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lightning	lightning	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 strikes	nsubj
2	strikes	strike	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	4 location	det
4	location	location	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 strikes	obj
5	exactly	exactly	ADV	_	6 twice	advmod
6	twice	twice	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	2 strikes	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	strike	present	Lightning	each location				twice property	vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent location=Patient

Option 3

Lightning never strikes structures of great height

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lightning	lightning	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 strikes	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 strikes	advmod
3	strikes	strike	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	structures	structure	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 strikes	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 height	case
6	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 height	amod
7	height	height	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 structures	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not strike	present	Lightning	structures of great height					vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent structure=Patient

Option 4

The assertion is correct without exception

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 assertion	det
2	assertion	assertion	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 correct	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 correct	cop
4	correct	correct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	without	without	ADP	_	6 exception	case
6	exception	exception	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 correct	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the assertion					without exception; correct property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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