Test 11 · Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows

Why can a rechargeable battery be used again but an ordinary one cannot?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: use · To what, where: rechargeable battery

This is test 11 of lesson 27 «Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	7 used	advmod
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 used	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 battery	det
4	rechargeable	rechargeable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 battery	amod
5	battery	battery	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 used	nsubj:pass
6	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 used	aux:pass
7	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	again	again	ADV	_	7 used	advmod
9	but	but	CCONJ	_	13 can	cc
10	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 one	det
11	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 one	amod
12	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 can	nsubj
13	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 used	conj
14	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	13 can	advmod
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 used	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	can · passive		a rechargeable battery			again		vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Rechargeable batteries are filled up with fresh electricity

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rechargeable	rechargeable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 batteries	amod
2	batteries	battery	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 filled	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 filled	aux:pass
4	filled	fill	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	up	up	ADP	_	4 filled	compound:prt
6	with	with	ADP	_	8 electricity	case
7	fresh	fresh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 electricity	amod
8	electricity	electricity	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 filled	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fill up	present · passive		Rechargeable batteries				with fresh electricity	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with electricity=Instrument

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Rechargeable batteries never use their chemicals at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rechargeable	rechargeable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 batteries	amod
2	batteries	battery	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 use	nsubj
3	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	4 use	advmod
4	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 chemicals	nmod:poss
6	chemicals	chemical	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 use	obj
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 all	case
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 use	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not use	present	Rechargeable batteries	batteries's chemicals		all			vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chemical=Patient

Option 3

Ordinary batteries are just made of cheaper plastic

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ordinary	ordinary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 batteries	amod
2	batteries	battery	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 made	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 made	aux:pass
4	just	just	ADV	_	5 made	advmod
5	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 plastic	case
7	cheaper	cheap	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	8 plastic	amod
8	plastic	plastic	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 made	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present · passive		Ordinary batteries				of cheaper plastic	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

A charger can push its chemicals back to how they were

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 charger	det
2	charger	charger	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 push	nsubj
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 push	aux
4	push	push	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 chemicals	nmod:poss
6	chemicals	chemical	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 push	obj
7	back	back	ADV	_	4 push	advmod
8	to	to	ADP	_	7 back	obl
9	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	11 were	advmod
10	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 were	nsubj
11	were	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 push	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	push	can	a charger	charger's chemicals					vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chemical=Theme
2	be	past	chemicals = chemical						vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/t11/