Exam question 3 · Parachutes, skydivers and falling safely

It is given that a coin is released from the summit of a tall building. Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning its descent.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts, response · What happens: give, release, select, establish, concern, descend · To what, where: It, coin, summit, response, descent

This is exam question 3 of lesson 3 «Parachutes, skydivers and falling safely» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that a coin is released from the summit of a tall building.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 released	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 coin	det
6	coin	coin	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 released	nsubj:pass
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 released	aux:pass
8	released	release	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 given	advcl
9	from	from	ADP	_	11 summit	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 summit	det
11	summit	summit	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 released	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	15 building	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 building	det
14	tall	tall	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 building	amod
15	building	building	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 summit	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	release	present · passive		a coin		the summit of a tall building			vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Source

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning its descent.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 descent	nmod:poss
11	descent	descent	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	response's descent		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus descent=Experiencer
4	descend		response			nom descent «event intransitive»: poss=agent

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The air restrains it to a speed insufficient to cause grave injury

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 air	det
2	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 restrains	nsubj
3	restrains	restrain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 restrains	obj
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 speed	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 speed	det
7	speed	speed	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 restrains	obl
8	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 restrains	conj
9	to	to	PART	_	10 cause	mark
10	cause	cause	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 insufficient	advcl
11	grave	grave	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 injury	amod
12	injury	injury	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 cause	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	restrain	present	the air	it				to a speed goal	vn limit-76 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Causer it=Patient to speed=Goal
2	cause	to-infinitive	the air not said here	grave injury					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition injury=Patient

Option 2

It accelerates without limit until impact

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 accelerates	nsubj
2	accelerates	accelerate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	without	without	ADP	_	4 limit	case
4	limit	limit	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 accelerates	obl
5	until	until	ADP	_	6 impact	case
6	impact	impact	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 accelerates	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	accelerate	present	It				until impact	without limit	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 3

It is borne upwards and does not descend

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 borne	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 borne	aux:pass
3	borne	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	upwards	upwards	ADV	_	3 borne	advmod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 descend	cc
6	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 descend	aux
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 descend	advmod
8	descend	descend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 borne	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bear	present · passive		It				upwards property	vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	not descend	present · do-support							vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

It attains a velocity sufficient to prove fatal

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 attains	nsubj
2	attains	attain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 velocity	det
4	velocity	velocity	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 attains	obj
5	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 attains	xcomp
6	to	to	PART	_	7 prove	mark
7	prove	prove	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 sufficient	advcl
8	fatal	fatal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 prove	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	attain	present	It	a velocity				sufficient property	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent velocity=Theme
2	prove	to-infinitive						fatal property	vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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