Exam question 1 · Wheels, axles, ramps and screws

Identify the simple machine of which a screw is a modified form.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, simple machine · What happens: identify, modify, be · To what, where: simple machine, modified form

This is exam question 1 of lesson 34 «Wheels, axles, ramps and screws» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 machine	det
3	simple	simple	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 machine	amod
4	machine	machine	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 form	nsubj
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 screw	det
8	screw	screw	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 form	nsubj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 form	cop
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 form	det
11	modified	modify	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 form	amod
12	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 machine	acl:relcl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the simple machine	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent machine=Theme
2	modify	participle			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	is a	present	the simple machine	a modified form	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

A pulley from which the rope has been removed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 pulley	det
2	pulley	pulley	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 removed	nsubj:pass
3	from	from	ADP	_	6 rope	case
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 rope	nsubj
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 rope	det
6	rope	rope	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pulley	nmod
7	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 removed	aux
8	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	9 removed	aux:pass
9	removed	remove	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	remove	present · perfect · passive		a pulley from the rope					vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 2

A wheel which has been deprived of its axle

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 wheel	det
2	wheel	wheel	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 deprived	nsubj:pass
4	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 deprived	aux
5	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	6 deprived	aux:pass
6	deprived	deprive	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 wheel	acl:relcl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 axle	case
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 axle	nmod:poss
9	axle	axle	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 deprived	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	deprive	present · perfect · passive		a wheel				of wheel's axle	vn deprive-10.6.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Source of axle=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

An inclined plane wrapped about a cylinder

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 plane	det
2	inclined	inclined	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 plane	amod
3	plane	plane	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	wrapped	wrap	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 plane	acl
5	about	about	ADP	_	7 cylinder	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 cylinder	det
7	cylinder	cylinder	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 wrapped	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wrap	participle		a inclined plane not said here				about a cylinder	vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme about cylinder=Destination

Option 4

A lever bent round so as to form a complete circle

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 lever	det
2	lever	lever	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	bent	bend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 lever	acl
4	round	round	ADV	_	3 bent	advmod
5	so	so	ADV	_	8 form	advmod
6	as	as	SCONJ	_	8 form	mark
7	to	to	PART	_	8 form	mark
8	form	form	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 bent	advcl
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 circle	det
10	complete	complete	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 circle	amod
11	circle	circle	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 form	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bend	participle		a lever not said here				round property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	form	to-infinitive		a complete circle					vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location circle=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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