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Test 6 · ★★★ · Rockets, record speeds and motion everywhere

In the car, Mum brakes; your backpack slides forward but your helium balloon leans back. Why the difference?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: Mum, backpack, helium balloon · What happens: brake, slide, lean back · To what, where: car

This is test 6 · ★★★ of lesson 38 «Rockets, record speeds and motion everywhere» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In the car, Mum brakes; your backpack slides forward but your helium balloon leans back.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 car	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 car	det
3	car	car	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 brakes	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 car	punct
5	Mum	mum	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 brakes	nsubj
6	brakes	brake	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	10 slides	punct
8	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 backpack	nmod:poss
9	backpack	backpack	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 slides	nsubj
10	slides	slide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 brakes	parataxis
11	forward	forward	ADV	_	10 slides	advmod
12	but	but	CCONJ	_	16 leans	cc
13	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 balloon	nmod:poss
14	helium	helium	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 balloon	compound
15	balloon	balloon	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 leans	nsubj
16	leans	lean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 slides	conj
17	back	back	ADV	_	16 leans	advmod
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 brakes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	brake	present	Mum			the car			tree rules
2	slide	present	your backpack					forward property	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	lean back	present	your helium balloon						vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why the difference?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Rel	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 difference	det
3	difference	difference	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Why	nsubj
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The options

Option 1

Balloons always move the opposite way to everything

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Balloons	balloon	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 move	nsubj
2	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	3 move	advmod
3	move	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 way	det
5	opposite	opposite	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 way	amod
6	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 move	obj
7	to	to	ADP	_	8 everything	case
8	everything	everything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	3 move	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	move	present	Balloons	the opposite way		everything		always property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent way=Theme to everything=Trajectory

Option 2

The balloon is heavier than the backpack, so it moves less

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 balloon	det
2	balloon	balloon	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 heavier	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 heavier	cop
4	heavier	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	than	than	ADP	_	7 backpack	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 backpack	det
7	backpack	backpack	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 heavier	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 moves	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	11 moves	advmod
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 moves	nsubj
11	moves	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 heavier	parataxis
12	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	11 moves	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the balloon					than the backpack; heavy property	tree rules
2	move	present	balloon					less property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The air sloshes forward and pushes the light balloon back

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 air	det
2	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sloshes	nsubj
3	sloshes	slosh	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	forward	forward	ADV	_	3 sloshes	advmod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 pushes	cc
6	pushes	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 sloshes	conj
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 balloon	det
8	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 balloon	compound
9	balloon	balloon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 pushes	obj
10	back	back	ADV	_	6 pushes	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	slosh	present	the air					forward property	vn pour-9.5 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme
2	push	present	the air not said here	the light balloon					vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent balloon=Theme

Option 4

The balloon is scared of the windscreen

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 balloon	det
2	balloon	balloon	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 scared	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 scared	cop
4	scared	scared	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 windscreen	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 windscreen	det
7	windscreen	windscreen	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 scared	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the balloon					of the windscreen; scared property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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