Exam question 4 · Pushes and pulls: what makes things move and stop

Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning a laden trolley.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, response, established facts · What happens: select, be, establish, concern, lade · To what, where: response, laden trolley

This is exam question 4 of lesson 4 «Pushes and pulls: what makes things move and stop» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 facts	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
9	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 facts	amod
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consistent	obl
11	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 facts	acl
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 trolley	det
13	laden	lade	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 trolley	amod
14	trolley	trolley	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 concerning	obj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	is	present	the response		with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	a laden trolley		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus trolley=Experiencer
5	lade	participle				tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Its mass has no bearing upon the force required

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 mass	nmod:poss
2	mass	mass	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	nsubj
3	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 bearing	det
5	bearing	bearing	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	obj
6	upon	upon	ADP	_	8 force	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 force	det
8	force	force	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 bearing	nmod
9	required	require	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 force	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Its mass	no bearing				upon the force	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bearing=Patient
2	require	participle		the force not said here					vn require-103-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Theme

Option 2

Its greater mass causes it to move of its own accord

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 mass	nmod:poss
2	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 mass	amod
3	mass	mass	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 causes	nsubj
4	causes	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 causes	obj
6	to	to	PART	_	7 move	mark
7	move	move	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 causes	xcomp
8	of	of	ADP	_	11 accord	case
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 accord	nmod:poss
10	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 accord	amod
11	accord	accord	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 move	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	present	Its greater mass	it					tree rules
2	move	to-infinitive						of mass's own accord	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme of accord=Trajectory

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Its greater mass renders it more difficult both to start and to arrest

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 renders	nmod:poss
2	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 renders	amod
3	mass	mass	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 renders	amod
4	renders	render	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 difficult	nsubj
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 difficult	expl
6	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	7 difficult	advmod
7	difficult	difficult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	both	both	CCONJ	_	10 start	cc:preconj
9	to	to	PART	_	10 start	mark
10	start	start	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 difficult	ccomp
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 arrest	cc
12	to	to	PART	_	13 arrest	mark
13	arrest	arrest	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 start	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	start	to-infinitive							vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
2	arrest	to-infinitive							vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Its greater mass renders it more easily arrested

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 renders	nmod:poss
2	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 renders	amod
3	mass	mass	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 renders	amod
4	renders	render	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 renders	obj
6	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	7 easily	advmod
7	easily	easily	ADV	_	8 arrested	advmod
8	arrested	arrest	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 renders	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	arrest	participle		Its greater mass renders not said here				easily property	vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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