Exam question 2 · Seasons and tides

Ascertain the reason for which two high tides occur at a given location within a single day.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, two high tides · What happens: ascertain, occur, give · To what, where: reason, given location

This is exam question 2 of lesson 40 «Seasons and tides» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 reason	det
3	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 occur	obl
6	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 tides	nummod
7	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 tides	amod
8	tides	tide	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 occur	nsubj
9	occur	occur	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 reason	acl:relcl
10	at	at	ADP	_	13 location	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 location	det
12	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 location	amod
13	location	location	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 occur	obl
14	within	within	ADP	_	17 day	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 day	det
16	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 day	amod
17	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 occur	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the reason				vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic
2	occur	present	two high tides		a given location	day	for the reason	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme at location=Location
3	give	participle						vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Rivers discharge into the sea on two occasions each day

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 discharge	nsubj
2	discharge	discharge	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	into	into	ADP	_	5 sea	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 sea	det
5	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 discharge	obl
6	on	on	ADP	_	8 occasions	case
7	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 occasions	nummod
8	occasions	occasion	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 discharge	obl
9	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	10 day	det
10	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 discharge	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	discharge	present	Rivers			the sea	day	on two occasions	vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The Moon raises bulges of water on both the near and the far side of the Earth

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Moon	det
2	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 raises	nsubj
3	raises	raise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	bulges	bulge	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 raises	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 water	case
6	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 bulges	nmod
7	on	on	SCONJ	_	10 near	mark
8	both	both	CCONJ	_	10 near	cc:preconj
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 near	det
10	near	near	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 raises	advcl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 side	cc
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 side	det
13	far	far	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 side	amod
14	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 near	conj
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 Earth	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 Earth	det
17	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 side	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	raise	present	the Moon	bulges of water					vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bulge=Theme

Option 3

The winds reverse their direction twice daily

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 winds	det
2	winds	wind	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 reverse	nsubj
3	reverse	reverse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 direction	nmod:poss
5	direction	direction	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 reverse	obj
6	twice	twice	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	3 reverse	advmod
7	daily	daily	ADV	_	3 reverse	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reverse	present	the winds	winds's direction				daily, twice property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent direction=Patient

Option 4

The Moon completes two revolutions about the Earth each day

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Moon	det
2	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 completes	nsubj
3	completes	complete	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 revolutions	nummod
5	revolutions	revolution	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 completes	obj
6	about	about	ADP	_	8 Earth	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Earth	det
8	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 revolutions	nmod
9	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	10 day	det
10	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 completes	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	complete	present	the Moon	two revolutions			day	about the Earth	vn complete-55.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent revolution=Eventuality

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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