Test 11 · ★★ · Seasons and tides

Why does midday sunshine feel weaker in winter than in summer?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: midday sunshine · What happens: feel

This is test 11 · ★★ of lesson 40 «Seasons and tides» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	5 feel	advmod
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 feel	aux
3	midday	midday	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sunshine	compound
4	sunshine	sunshine	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 feel	nsubj
5	feel	feel	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	weaker	weak	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 feel	xcomp
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 winter	case
8	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 feel	obl
9	than	than	ADP	_	11 summer	case
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 summer	case
11	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 feel	obl
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 feel	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	feel	present · do-support	midday sunshine				summer; winter	weak property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The cold air blocks sunlight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 air	det
2	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 air	amod
3	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 blocks	nsubj
4	blocks	block	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 blocks	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	block	present	the cold air	sunlight					vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer sunlight=Theme

Option 2

The Sun gives out less heat in winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Sun	det
2	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 gives	nsubj
3	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	out	out	ADP	_	3 gives	compound:prt
5	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 heat	amod
6	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 gives	obj
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 winter	case
8	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 gives	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give out	present	the Sun	less heat			winter		vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent heat=Theme

Option 3

The Earth is further from the Sun in winter, so it is weaker

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Earth	det
2	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 further	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 further	cop
4	further	further	ADV	_	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 Sun	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Sun	det
7	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 further	obl
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 winter	case
9	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 further	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 weaker	punct
11	so	so	ADV	_	14 weaker	advmod
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 weaker	nsubj
13	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 weaker	cop
14	weaker	weak	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 further	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the Earth			the Sun	winter	further property	tree rules
2	is	present	Earth					weak property	tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The Sun is lower, so its light is spread thinner

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Sun	det
2	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 lower	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 lower	cop
4	lower	low	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 spread	punct
6	so	so	ADV	_	10 spread	advmod
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 light	nmod:poss
8	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 spread	nsubj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 spread	aux:pass
10	spread	spread	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 lower	conj
11	thinner	thin	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 lower	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	the Sun		low property	tree rules
2	spread	present · passive		Sun's light		vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme
3	be		the Sun not said here			tree rules
4	light		Sun			nom light «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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