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Test 2 · ★★ · Seasons and tides

Shine a torch straight down and then at a slant. What does it show about winter sunshine?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, torch · What happens: shine, show · To what, where: torch, slant

This is test 2 · ★★ of lesson 40 «Seasons and tides» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Shine a torch straight down and then at a slant.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Shine	shine	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 torch	det
3	torch	torch	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Shine	obj
4	straight	straight	ADV	_	5 down	advmod
5	down	down	ADV	_	1 Shine	advmod
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 then	cc
7	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	5 down	conj
8	at	at	ADP	_	10 slant	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 slant	det
10	slant	slant	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Shine	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Shine	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shine	imperative	you not said here	a torch		a slant		down property	vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent torch=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does it show about winter sunshine?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 show	obj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 show	aux
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 show	nsubj
4	show	show	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	about	about	ADP	_	7 sunshine	case
6	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 sunshine	compound
7	sunshine	sunshine	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 show	obl
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 show	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present · do-support	torch					about winter sunshine	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent what=Recipient about sunshine=Topic

The options

Option 1

Light only shines straight down

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shines	nsubj
2	only	only	ADV	_	3 shines	advmod
3	shines	shine	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	straight	straight	ADV	_	5 down	advmod
5	down	down	ADV	_	3 shines	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shine	present	Light					down property	vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

The torch gets dimmer when tilted

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 torch	det
2	torch	torch	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 gets	nsubj
3	gets	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	dimmer	dim	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 gets	xcomp
5	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	6 tilted	advmod
6	tilted	tilt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 gets	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	get	present	the torch					dim property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	tilt	participle	the torch not said here						vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

Slanted light is hotter than straight light, so winters are warm

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Slanted	slanted	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 light	amod
2	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 hotter	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 hotter	cop
4	hotter	hot	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	than	than	ADP	_	7 light	case
6	straight	straight	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 light	amod
7	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 hotter	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 warm	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	12 warm	advmod
10	winters	winter	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 warm	nsubj
11	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 warm	cop
12	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 hotter	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Slanted light					than straight light; hot property	tree rules
2	is	present	winters					warm property	tree rules

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Slanted light spreads over a bigger patch and warms less

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Slanted	slanted	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 light	amod
2	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 spreads	nsubj
3	spreads	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	over	over	ADP	_	7 patch	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 patch	det
6	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 patch	amod
7	patch	patch	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 spreads	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 warms	cc
9	warms	warm	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 spreads	conj
10	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	9 warms	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spread	present	Slanted light			a bigger patch			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over patch=Location
2	warm	present	Slanted light not said here					less property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/40-seasons-and-tides/t2/