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Test 2 · ★★★ · Alice's fall and her sizes: falling, the centre of the Ear…

A boy says, «heavy things always fall faster, everyone knows that». What does the Moon test show?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: boy, heavy things, everyone · What happens: say, fall, know, do · To what, where: that · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 2 · ★★★ of lesson 41 «Alice's fall and her sizes: falling, the centre of the Earth, giants and tiny people» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A boy says, «heavy things always fall faster, everyone knows that».

detnsubjpunctpunctamodnsubjadvmodccompxcomppunctnsubjccompobjpunctpunctrootADETboyNOUNsaysVERB,PUNCT«PUNCTheavyADJthingsNOUNalwaysADVfallVERBfasterADJ,PUNCTeveryonePRONknowsVERBthatPRON»PUNCT.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1AaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art2 boydet
2boyboyNOUNNumber=Sing3 saysnsubj
3sayssayVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Finrootroot
4,,PUNCT_9 fallpunct
5««PUNCT_9 fallpunct
6heavyheavyADJDegree=Pos7 thingsamod
7thingsthingNOUNNumber=Plur9 fallnsubj
8alwaysalwaysADVPronType=Tot9 falladvmod
9fallfallVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin3 saysccomp
10fasterfastADJDegree=Cmp9 fallxcomp
11,,PUNCT_13 knowspunct
12everyoneeveryonePRONNumber=Sing PronType=Tot13 knowsnsubj
13knowsknowVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin3 saysccomp
14thatthatPRONNumber=Sing PronType=Dem13 knowsobj
15»»PUNCT_13 knowspunct
16..PUNCT_3 sayspunct
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1say speech: assertpresenta boyvn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2fall in a quotepresentheavy thingsalways, fast propertyvn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3know in a quotepresenteveryonethatvn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does the Moon test show?

acl:relcldetcompoundcompoundnsubjpunctrootWhatPRONdoesVERBtheDETMoonPROPNtestNOUNshowNOUN?PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1WhatwhatPRONPronType=Introotroot
2doesdoVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin1 Whatacl:relcl
3thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art6 showdet
4MoonMoonPROPNNumber=Sing6 showcompound
5testtestNOUNNumber=Sing6 showcompound
6showshowNOUNNumber=Sing1 Whatnsubj
7??PUNCT_1 Whatpunct
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1dopresentvn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1

Nothing falls at all on the Moon because there is no air

nsubjcaseoblcasedetoblmarkexpladvcldetnsubjrootNothingPRONfallsVERBatADPallDETonADPtheDETMoonPROPNbecauseSCONJtherePRONisVERBnoDETairNOUN
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1NothingnothingPRONNumber=Sing PronType=Neg2 fallsnsubj
2fallsfallVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Finrootroot
3atatADP_4 allcase
4allallDETPronType=Tot2 fallsobl
5ononADP_7 Mooncase
6thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art7 Moondet
7MoonMoonPROPNNumber=Sing2 fallsobl
8becausebecauseSCONJ_10 ismark
9theretherePRONPronType=Dem10 isexpl
10isbeVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin2 fallsadvcl
11nonoDETPronType=Neg12 airdet
12airairNOUNNumber=Sing10 isnsubj
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1fallpresentNothingallon the Moonvn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme at all=Location
2bepresentno airtherevn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Without air, a hammer and a feather fall at the same speed

casepunctdetconjccdetcompoundconjcasedetamodnmodrootWithoutADPairNOUN,PUNCTaDEThammerNOUNandCCONJaDETfeatherNOUNfallNOUNatADPtheDETsameADJspeedNOUN
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1WithoutwithoutADP_2 aircase
2airairNOUNNumber=Singrootroot
3,,PUNCT_5 hammerpunct
4aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art5 hammerdet
5hammerhammerNOUNNumber=Sing2 airconj
6andandCCONJ_9 fallcc
7aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art9 falldet
8featherfeatherNOUNNumber=Sing9 fallcompound
9fallfallNOUNNumber=Sing5 hammerconj
10atatADP_13 speedcase
11thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art13 speeddet
12samesameADJDegree=Pos13 speedamod
13speedspeedNOUNNumber=Sing9 fallnmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Light things fall faster because air holds heavy things back

amodnsubjadvmodmarknsubjadvclamodobjadvmodrootLightADJthingsNOUNfallVERBfasterADVbecauseSCONJairNOUNholdsVERBheavyADJthingsNOUNbackADV
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1LightlightADJDegree=Pos2 thingsamod
2thingsthingNOUNNumber=Plur3 fallnsubj
3fallfallVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Finrootroot
4fasterfastADVDegree=Cmp3 falladvmod
5becausebecauseSCONJ_7 holdsmark
6airairNOUNNumber=Sing7 holdsnsubj
7holdsholdVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin3 falladvcl
8heavyheavyADJDegree=Pos9 thingsamod
9thingsthingNOUNNumber=Plur7 holdsobj
10backbackADV_7 holdsadvmod
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1fallpresentLight thingsfast propertyvn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2hold backpresentairheavy thingsvn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme

Option 4

Heavy things fall faster everywhere, even on the Moon

amodnsubjadvmodadvmodpunctadvmodcasedetoblrootHeavyADJthingsNOUNfallVERBfasterADVeverywhereADV,PUNCTevenADVonADPtheDETMoonPROPN
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1HeavyheavyADJDegree=Pos2 thingsamod
2thingsthingNOUNNumber=Plur3 fallnsubj
3fallfallVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Finrootroot
4fasterfastADVDegree=Cmp3 falladvmod
5everywhereeverywhereADVPronType=Tot3 falladvmod
6,,PUNCT_10 Moonpunct
7evenevenADV_10 Moonadvmod
8ononADP_10 Mooncase
9thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art10 Moondet
10MoonMoonPROPNNumber=Sing3 fallobl
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1fallpresentHeavy thingsthe Mooneverywhere, fast propertyvn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on moon=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/41-alice-s-fall-and-sizes-falling-the-centre-of-the-earth-giants-and-tiny-people/t2/