Exam question 3 · Friction: the grip that stops and helps
It is given that a cyclist descends a long hill with the brakes applied. Ascertain the form into which the energy of motion so lost is principally converted.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: cyclist, brakes, you, energy · What happens: give, descend, apply, ascertain, lose, be · To what, where: It, long hill, form, motion
This is exam question 3 of lesson 6 «Friction: the grip that stops and helps» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: It is given that a cyclist descends a long hill with the brakes applied.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 given | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 given | aux:pass |
| 3 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 7 descends | mark |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 cyclist | det |
| 6 | cyclist | cyclist | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 descends | nsubj |
| 7 | descends | descend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 given | advcl |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 hill | det |
| 9 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 hill | amod |
| 10 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 descends | obj |
| 11 | with | with | SCONJ | _ | 14 applied | mark |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 brakes | det |
| 13 | brakes | brake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 applied | nsubj |
| 14 | applied | apply | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 hill | acl |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 given | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | present · passive | It | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | descend | present | a cyclist | a long hill | vn meander-47.7-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location hill=Theme | ||||
| 3 | apply | past | the brakes | a long hill not said here | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hill=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Ascertain the form into which the energy of motion so lost is principally converted.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ascertain | ascertain | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 form | det |
| 3 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Ascertain | obj |
| 4 | into | into | ADP | _ | 5 which | case |
| 5 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 converted | obl |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 energy | det |
| 7 | energy | energy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 converted | nsubj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 motion | case |
| 9 | motion | motion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 energy | nmod |
| 10 | so | so | ADV | _ | 11 lost | advmod |
| 11 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 motion | acl |
| 12 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 converted | cop |
| 13 | principally | principally | ADV | _ | 14 converted | advmod |
| 14 | converted | converted | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 1 Ascertain | parataxis |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Ascertain | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ascertain | imperative | you not said here | the form | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent form=Topic | ||||
| 2 | lose | participle | motion not said here | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is | present | the energy of motion | converted, principally property | tree rules |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Sound in the air surrounding the bicycle
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 air | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 air | det |
| 4 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Sound | nmod |
| 5 | surrounding | surround | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 1 Sound | acl |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 bicycle | det |
| 7 | bicycle | bicycle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 surrounding | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | surround | gerund | Sound in the air not said here | the bicycle | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme bicycle=Co-Theme |
Option 2
Light emitted by the pads in braking
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | emitted | emit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 1 Light | acl |
| 3 | by | by | ADP | _ | 5 pads | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 pads | det |
| 5 | pads | pad | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 emitted | obl |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 braking | case |
| 7 | braking | braking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 emitted | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | emit | participle | Light not said here | braking | by the pads | vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source |
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
Heat in the brake pads and rims
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 pads | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 pads | det |
| 4 | brake | brake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 pads | compound |
| 5 | pads | pad | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Heat | nmod |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 rims | cc |
| 7 | rims | rim | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 pads | conj |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 4
Additional mass acquired by the wheels
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Additional | additional | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 mass | amod |
| 2 | mass | mass | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | acquired | acquire | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 mass | acl |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 6 wheels | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 wheels | det |
| 6 | wheels | wheel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 acquired | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | acquire | participle | Additional mass not said here | by the wheels | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/6-friction-the-grip/e3/