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Test 2 · Friction: the grip that stops and helps

In a cartoon a boy brakes his bike hard in the rain and stops at once. What is closer to the truth?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: boy · What happens: brake, stop, be · To what, where: bike, cartoon

This is test 2 of lesson 6 «Friction: the grip that stops and helps» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon a boy brakes his bike hard in the rain and stops at once.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 brakes	obl
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 boy	det
5	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 brakes	nsubj
6	brakes	brake	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 bike	nmod:poss
8	bike	bike	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 brakes	obj
9	hard	hard	ADV	Degree=Pos	6 brakes	advmod
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 rain	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 rain	det
12	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 brakes	obl
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 stops	cc
14	stops	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 brakes	conj
15	at	at	ADP	_	16 once	case
16	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	14 stops	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 brakes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	brake	present	a boy	boy's bike		a cartoon		in the rain; hard property	tree rules
2	stop	present	a boy not said here						vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at once=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is closer to the truth?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 closer	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 closer	cop
3	closer	close	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 truth	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 truth	det
6	truth	truth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 closer	obl
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 closer	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						to the truth; close property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Wet brakes grip much better

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wet	wet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 brakes	amod
2	brakes	brake	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 grip	nsubj
3	grip	grip	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	much	much	ADV	_	5 better	advmod
5	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 grip	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grip	present	Wet brakes					good property	vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Rain makes the bike stop by itself

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 stop	det
4	bike	bike	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 stop	compound
5	stop	stop	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 makes	obj
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 itself	case
7	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	2 makes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	Rain	the bike stop				by Rain	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset stop=Product

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Wet brakes grip less, so he needs longer to stop

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wet	wet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 brakes	amod
2	brakes	brake	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 grip	nsubj
3	grip	grip	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	3 grip	advmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 needs	punct
6	so	so	ADV	_	8 needs	advmod
7	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 needs	nsubj
8	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 grip	advcl
9	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	8 needs	advmod
10	to	to	PART	_	11 stop	mark
11	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 needs	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grip	present	Wet brakes					less property	vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	need	present	he					long property	vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot
3	stop	to-infinitive	he not said here						vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Option 4

Brakes do not work at all in rain

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Brakes	brake	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 work	nsubj
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 work	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 work	advmod
4	work	work	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 all	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 work	obl
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 rain	case
8	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 work	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not work	present · do-support	Brakes					in rain; at all	vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at all=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/6-friction-the-grip/t2/