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Test 10 · What politics is: deciding things together

Your dad, mad at the parking ticket, says, "Rules just fall out of the sky." What is true?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: dad, Rules · What happens: say, fall, be · To what, where: sky · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 10 of lesson 1 «What politics is: deciding things together» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Your dad, mad at the parking ticket, says, "Rules just fall out of the sky."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 dad	nmod:poss
2	dad	dad	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 says	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 mad	punct
4	mad	mad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 dad	appos
5	at	at	ADP	_	8 ticket	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 ticket	det
7	parking	parking	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 ticket	compound
8	ticket	ticket	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 mad	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 dad	punct
10	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 says	punct
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	15 fall	punct
13	Rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 fall	nsubj
14	just	just	ADV	_	15 fall	advmod
15	fall	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 says	parataxis
16	out	out	ADP	_	19 sky	case
17	of	of	ADP	_	19 sky	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 sky	det
19	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 fall	obl
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	15 fall	punct
21	"	"	PUNCT	_	15 fall	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Your dad						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	fall in a quote	present	Rules			the sky			vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme out sky=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

He is right, rules just appear on their own, like rain does

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 rules	amod
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 rules	punct
5	rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 appear	nsubj
6	just	just	ADV	_	7 appear	advmod
7	appear	appear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	on	on	ADP	_	10 own	case
9	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 own	nmod:poss
10	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 appear	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 does	punct
12	like	like	SCONJ	_	14 does	mark
13	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 does	nsubj
14	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 appear	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	He					right property	tree rules
2	appear	present	right rules			rules's own			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on own=Location
3	do	present	rain						vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Only the police can ever change a rule

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	3 police	advmod
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 police	det
3	police	police	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 change	nsubj
4	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 change	aux
5	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	6 change	advmod
6	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 rule	det
8	rule	rule	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 change	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	can	the police	a rule			ever		vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Patient

Option 3

A rule can never be changed once it is made

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 rule	det
2	rule	rule	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 changed	nsubj:pass
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 changed	aux
4	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	6 changed	advmod
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 changed	aux:pass
6	changed	change	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	once	once	SCONJ	_	10 made	mark
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 made	nsubj:pass
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 made	aux:pass
10	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 changed	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not change	can · passive		a rule					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	make	present · passive		rule					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

People made the rule, and people can work to change it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	People	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 made	nsubj
2	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 rule	det
4	rule	rule	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 made	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 work	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 work	cc
7	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 work	nsubj
8	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 work	aux
9	work	work	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 made	conj
10	to	to	PART	_	11 change	mark
11	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 work	advcl
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 change	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past	People	the rule					vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Product
2	work	can	people						vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	change	to-infinitive	people not said here	rule					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/1-what-politics-is-deciding-things-together/t10/