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Exam question 4 · The news: who makes it and how

It is given that a newspaper has published a correction of an earlier error. Determine the inference most consistent with sound reasoning.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: give, publish, correct, determine · To what, where: It, newspaper, earlier error, inference

This is exam question 4 of lesson 10 «The news: who makes it and how» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that a newspaper has published a correction of an earlier error.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 published	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 newspaper	det
6	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 published	nsubj:pass
7	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 published	aux
8	published	publish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 given	advcl
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 correction	det
10	correction	correction	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 published	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 error	case
12	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 error	det
13	earlier	early	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	14 error	amod
14	error	error	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 correction	nmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	publish	present · perfect · passive		a newspaper					tree rules
3	correct			a earlier error					nom correction «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Determine the inference most consistent with sound reasoning.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Determine	determine	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 inference	det
3	inference	inference	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Determine	obj
4	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	5 consistent	advmod
5	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 inference	amod
6	with	with	ADP	_	8 reasoning	case
7	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 reasoning	compound
8	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 consistent	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Determine	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	determine	imperative	you not said here	the inference					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent inference=Topic

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The newspaper invented the original story deliberately

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 newspaper	det
2	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 invented	nsubj
3	invented	invent	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 story	det
5	original	original	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 story	amod
6	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 invented	obj
7	deliberately	deliberately	ADV	_	3 invented	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	invent	past	the newspaper	the original story				deliberately property	vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Result

Option 2

The newspaper is wholly unworthy of any further trust

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 newspaper	det
2	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 unworthy	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 unworthy	cop
4	wholly	wholly	ADV	_	5 unworthy	advmod
5	unworthy	unworthy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 trust	case
7	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	9 trust	det
8	further	further	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 trust	amod
9	trust	trust	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 unworthy	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the newspaper					of any further trust; unworthy, wholly property	tree rules

Option 3

The newspaper is obliged by law to cease publication

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 newspaper	det
2	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 obliged	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 obliged	aux:pass
4	obliged	oblige	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 law	case
6	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 obliged	obl
7	to	to	PART	_	8 cease	mark
8	cease	cease	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 obliged	advcl
9	publication	publication	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 cease	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	oblige	present · passive	law	the newspaper					vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient
2	cease	to-infinitive	law not said here	publication					vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality publication=Eventuality

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The newspaper demonstrates a concern for accuracy

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 newspaper	det
2	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 demonstrates	nsubj
3	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 concern	det
5	concern	concern	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 demonstrates	obj
6	for	for	ADP	_	7 accuracy	case
7	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 concern	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	demonstrate	present	the newspaper	a concern				for accuracy	vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot concern=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/10-the-news-who-makes-it-and-how/e4/