Exam question 2 · Grandma and Uncle on opposite sides: staying friends

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the practice described as "steelmanning"?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, describe · To what, where: practice

This is exam question 2 of lesson 15 «Grandma and Uncle on opposite sides: staying friends» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 practice	det
10	practice	practice	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	described	describe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 practice	acl
12	as	as	ADP	_	14 steelmanning	case
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	14 steelmanning	punct
14	steelmanning	steelmanning	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 described	obl
15	"	"	PUNCT	_	14 steelmanning	punct
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the practice	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	describe	participle	the practice not said here	as steelmanning	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent as steelmanning=Attribute

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The refusal to listen to an opposing view

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 refusal	det
2	refusal	refusal	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 listen	mark
4	listen	listen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 refusal	acl
5	to	to	ADP	_	8 view	case
6	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 view	det
7	opposing	oppose	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 view	amod
8	view	view	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 listen	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	listen	to-infinitive						to a opposing view	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to view=Theme
2	oppose	gerund							vn amalgamate-22.2-3 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient

Option 2

The presentation of an opposing view in its weakest form, in order that it may be defeated with the least effort

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 presentation	det
2	presentation	presentation	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 defeated	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 view	case
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 view	det
5	opposing	oppose	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 view	amod
6	view	view	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 presentation	nmod
7	in	in	ADP	_	10 form	case
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 form	nmod:poss
9	weakest	weak	ADJ	Degree=Sup	10 form	amod
10	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 view	nmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 order	punct
12	in	in	ADP	_	13 order	case
13	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 view	conj
14	that	that	ADP	_	15 it	case
15	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 order	nmod
16	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	18 defeated	aux
17	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	18 defeated	aux:pass
18	defeated	defeat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
19	with	with	ADP	_	22 effort	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 effort	det
21	least	least	ADJ	Degree=Sup	22 effort	amod
22	effort	effort	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 defeated	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	oppose	gerund				vn amalgamate-22.2-3 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient
2	defeat	may · passive		the presentation of a opposing view in presentation's weakest form and order that order	with the least effort	tree rules
3	present			a opposing view in presentation's weakest form and order that order		nom presentation «act transitive»: of=patient
4	form		presentation			nom form «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

The adoption of the opposing view as one's own

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 adoption	det
2	adoption	adoption	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 view	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 view	det
5	opposing	oppose	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 view	amod
6	view	view	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 adoption	nmod
7	as	as	ADP	_	10 own	case
8	one	one	PRON	Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 own	nmod:poss
9	's	's	PART	_	8 one	case
10	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 view	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	oppose	gerund							vn amalgamate-22.2-3 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient
2	adopt			the opposing view as one's own					nom adoption «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The presentation of an opposing view in its strongest form, which does not entail agreement with it

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 presentation	det
2	presentation	presentation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 view	case
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 view	det
5	opposing	oppose	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 view	amod
6	view	view	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 presentation	nmod
7	in	in	ADP	_	10 form	case
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 form	nmod:poss
9	strongest	strong	ADJ	Degree=Sup	10 form	amod
10	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 view	nmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 agreement	punct
12	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	16 agreement	nsubj
13	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 agreement	aux
14	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	16 agreement	advmod
15	entail	entail	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 agreement	compound
16	agreement	agreement	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 view	appos
17	with	with	ADP	_	18 it	case
18	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 agreement	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	oppose	gerund				vn amalgamate-22.2-3 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient
2	not agreement	present · do-support	a opposing view in view's strongest form		with agreement	tree rules
3	present			a opposing view in view's strongest form		nom presentation «act transitive»: of=patient
4	form		view			nom form «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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