Exam question 1 · Climate: hot summers and hot arguments

Select the response that is consistent with the established distinction between weather and climate.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, response · What happens: select, be, establish · To what, where: response

This is exam question 1 of lesson 21 «Climate: hot summers and hot arguments» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 distinction	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 distinction	det
9	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 distinction	amod
10	distinction	distinction	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 consistent	obl
11	between	between	ADP	_	12 weather	case
12	weather	weather	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 distinction	nmod
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 climate	cc
14	climate	climate	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 weather	conj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	is	present	the response		with the established distinction between weather and climate; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The two terms are wholly synonymous in scientific usage

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 terms	det
2	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 terms	nummod
3	terms	term	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 synonymous	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 synonymous	cop
5	wholly	wholly	ADV	_	6 synonymous	advmod
6	synonymous	synonymous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 usage	case
8	scientific	scientific	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 usage	amod
9	usage	usage	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 synonymous	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the two terms			scientific usage		synonymous, wholly property	tree rules

Option 2

Weather denotes conditions in summer, whereas climate denotes conditions in winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Weather	weather	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 denotes	nsubj
2	denotes	denote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	conditions	condition	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 denotes	obj
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 summer	case
5	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 denotes	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 denotes	punct
7	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	9 denotes	mark
8	climate	climate	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 denotes	nsubj
9	denotes	denote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 denotes	conj
10	conditions	condition	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 denotes	obj
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 winter	case
12	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 denotes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	denote	present	Weather	conditions			summer		vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot condition=Topic
2	denote	present	climate	conditions			winter		vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot condition=Topic

Option 3

Climate denotes conditions on a single day, whereas weather denotes the conditions prevailing over a century or more

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Climate	climate	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 denotes	nsubj
2	denotes	denote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	conditions	condition	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 denotes	obj
4	on	on	ADP	_	7 day	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 day	det
6	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 day	amod
7	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 denotes	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 denotes	punct
9	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	11 denotes	mark
10	weather	weather	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 denotes	nsubj
11	denotes	denote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 denotes	conj
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 conditions	det
13	conditions	condition	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 denotes	obj
14	prevailing	prevail	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	13 conditions	acl
15	over	over	ADP	_	17 century	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 century	det
17	century	century	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 prevailing	obl
18	or	or	CCONJ	_	19 more	cc
19	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	17 century	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	denote	present	Climate	conditions	day	vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot condition=Topic
2	denote	present	weather	the conditions		vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot condition=Topic
3	prevail	gerund	the conditions not said here		century	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Weather denotes conditions on a given day, whereas climate denotes the prevailing conditions of a place over thirty years or more

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Weather	weather	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 denotes	nsubj
2	denotes	denote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	conditions	condition	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 denotes	obj
4	on	on	ADP	_	7 day	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 day	det
6	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 day	amod
7	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 denotes	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 denotes	punct
9	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	11 denotes	mark
10	climate	climate	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 denotes	nsubj
11	denotes	denote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 denotes	conj
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 conditions	det
13	prevailing	prevail	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	14 conditions	amod
14	conditions	condition	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 denotes	obj
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 place	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 place	det
17	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 conditions	nmod
18	over	over	ADP	_	20 years	case
19	thirty	thirty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	20 years	nummod
20	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 denotes	obl
21	or	or	CCONJ	_	22 more	cc
22	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	20 years	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	denote	present	Weather	conditions	day	vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot condition=Topic
2	give	participle				vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient
3	denote	present	climate	the prevailing conditions of a place	year	vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot condition=Topic
4	prevail	gerund				vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	condition			a place		nom condition «state transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/21-climate-hot-summers-and-hot-arguments/e1/