Test 8 · Why wars happen and why they are hard to stop; the UN and…

Why is the old helmet Finn's uncle shows him blue?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: uncle · What happens: be, show · To what, where: old helmet, Finn

This is test 8 of lesson 23 «Why wars happen and why they are hard to stop; the UN and NATO» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	5 helmet	advmod
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 helmet	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 helmet	det
4	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 helmet	amod
5	helmet	helmet	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 shows	obl
6	Finn	Finn	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 uncle	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 Finn	case
8	uncle	uncle	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 shows	nsubj
9	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 shows	iobj
11	blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 shows	xcomp
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	9 shows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present		the old helmet					tree rules
2	show	present	Finn's uncle		Finn			blue property	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Blue is the colour of the Irish army only, so all its helmets are blue

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Blue	Blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 colour	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 colour	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 colour	det
4	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	8 army	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 army	det
7	Irish	Irish	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 army	amod
8	army	army	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 colour	nmod
9	only	only	ADV	_	8 army	advmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 blue	punct
11	so	so	ADV	_	16 blue	advmod
12	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	14 helmets	det:predet
13	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 helmets	nmod:poss
14	helmets	helmet	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 blue	nsubj
15	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 blue	cop
16	blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 colour	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Blue	the colour				of the Irish army	tree rules
2	is	present	army's helmets					blue property	tree rules

Option 2

Blue helmets mean the soldier is a general

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 helmets	amod
2	helmets	helmet	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 mean	nsubj
3	mean	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 soldier	det
5	soldier	soldier	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 general	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 general	cop
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 general	det
8	general	general	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 mean	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	Blue helmets						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	the soldier					general property	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Blue helmets show they are UN peacekeepers, not fighting for a side

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 helmets	amod
2	helmets	helmet	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 show	nsubj
3	show	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 peacekeepers	nsubj
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 peacekeepers	cop
6	UN	UN	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 peacekeepers	compound
7	peacekeepers	peacekeeper	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 show	ccomp
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 fighting	punct
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 fighting	advmod
10	fighting	fight	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 show	parataxis
11	for	for	ADP	_	13 side	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 side	det
13	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 fighting	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	show	present	Blue helmets			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is a	present	helmets = helmet	UN peacekeepers		tree rules
3	not fight	gerund			for a side	vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Blue helmets are made of a special metal that stops all bullets

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 helmets	amod
2	helmets	helmet	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 made	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 made	aux:pass
4	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	8 metal	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 metal	det
7	special	special	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 metal	amod
8	metal	metal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 made	obl
9	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 stops	nsubj
10	stops	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 metal	acl:relcl
11	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	12 bullets	det
12	bullets	bullet	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 stops	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present · passive		Blue helmets				of a special metal	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
2	stop	present	a special metal	all bullets					vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality bullet=Eventuality

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/23-why-wars-happen-the-un-and-nato/t8/