Test 8 · ★ · Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine

A friend says: «the war started in 2022, nothing happened before that.» How do you correct it?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: friend, war, nothing, you · What happens: say, start, happen, correct · To what, where: 2022, that, war · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 24 «Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A friend says: «the war started in 2022, nothing happened before that.»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 friend	det
2	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 started	punct
5	«	«	PUNCT	_	8 started	punct
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 war	det
7	war	war	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 started	nsubj
8	started	start	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 says	parataxis
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 2022	case
10	2022	2022	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 started	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 happened	punct
12	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	13 happened	nsubj
13	happened	happen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 started	conj
14	before	before	ADP	_	15 that	case
15	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	13 happened	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct
17	»	»	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a friend		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	start in a quote	past	the war	2022	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
3	happen in a quote	past	nothing	that	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme before that=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: How do you correct it?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	4 correct	advmod
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 correct	aux
3	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 correct	nsubj
4	correct	correct	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 correct	obj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 correct	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	correct speech: disagree	present · do-support	you	war					vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Russian forces took Crimea in 2014; the full-scale invasion came in 2022

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Russian	Russian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 forces	amod
2	forces	force	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 took	nsubj
3	took	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	Crimea	Crimea	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 took	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 2014	case
6	2014	2014	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 took	obl
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 came	punct
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 invasion	det
9	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 scale	amod
10	-	-	PUNCT	_	9 full	punct
11	scale	scale	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 invasion	compound
12	invasion	invasion	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 came	nsubj
13	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 took	conj
14	in	in	ADP	_	15 2022	case
15	2022	2022	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	13 came	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	past	Russian forces	Crimea		2014			vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent crimea=Value in 2014=Location
2	come	past	the scale invasion			2022			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 2022=Location

Option 2

The war started in 1066

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 war	det
2	war	war	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 started	nsubj
3	started	start	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 1066	case
5	1066	1066	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 started	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	start	past	the war			1066			vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Option 3

Ukraine started it in 2010 by invading Crimea

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 started	nsubj
2	started	start	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 started	obj
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 2010	case
5	2010	2010	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 started	obl
6	by	by	SCONJ	_	7 invading	mark
7	invading	invade	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 started	advcl
8	Crimea	Crimea	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 invading	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	start	past	Ukraine	it		2010			vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality
2	invade	gerund	Ukraine not said here	Crimea					tree rules

Option 4

Nothing has happened at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	3 happened	nsubj
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 happened	aux
3	happened	happen	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	5 all	case
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	3 happened	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	present · perfect	Nothing			all			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme at all=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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