Test 4 · Ukraine: refugees, aid, sanctions and children's lives

A girl in Pittsburgh says: «yinz all think sending weapons is the same as joining the war, right?» Which statement is fair?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: girl, yinz, sending, statement · What happens: say, think, send, be, join · To what, where: weapons, war · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 4 of lesson 25 «Ukraine: refugees, aid, sanctions and children's lives» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A girl in Pittsburgh says: «yinz all think sending weapons is the same as joining the war, right?»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 girl	det
2	girl	girl	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 says	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 Pittsburgh	case
4	Pittsburgh	Pittsburgh	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 girl	nmod
5	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	:	:	PUNCT	_	10 think	punct
7	«	«	PUNCT	_	10 think	punct
8	yinz	yinz	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	10 think	nsubj
9	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	10 think	advmod
10	think	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 says	ccomp
11	sending	send	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	15 same	csubj
12	weapons	weapon	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 sending	obj
13	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 same	cop
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 same	det
15	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 think	ccomp
16	as	as	SCONJ	_	17 joining	mark
17	joining	join	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	15 same	advcl
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 war	det
19	war	war	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 joining	obj
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 right	punct
21	right	right	INTJ	_	10 think	discourse
22	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 says	punct
23	»	»	PUNCT	_	5 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	say speech: ask	present	a girl in Pittsburgh			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	think speech: other in a quote	present	yinz			vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	send in a quote	gerund		weapons		vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weapon=Theme
4	is in a quote	present	sending		same property	tree rules
5	join in a quote	gerund	sending not said here	the war		vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent war=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Which statement is fair?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	DET	PronType=Int	2 statement	det
2	statement	statement	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 fair	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 fair	cop
4	fair	fair	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 fair	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	which statement					fair property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Everyone agrees that sending weapons is wrong, so every country that sent them has now asked for all of them to be sent back

The tree, 24 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	2 agrees	nsubj
2	agrees	agree	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 wrong	mark
4	sending	send	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 wrong	csubj
5	weapons	weapon	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 sending	obj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 wrong	cop
7	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 agrees	advcl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 asked	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	17 asked	advmod
10	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	11 country	det
11	country	country	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 asked	nsubj:pass
12	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 sent	nsubj
13	sent	send	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 country	acl:relcl
14	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 sent	obj
15	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 asked	aux
16	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	17 asked	advmod
17	asked	ask	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 agrees	conj
18	for	for	ADP	_	19 all	case
19	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	17 asked	obl
20	of	of	ADP	_	21 them	case
21	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 all	nmod
22	to	to	PART	_	24 sent	mark
23	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	24 sent	aux:pass
24	sent	send	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	17 asked	ccomp
25	back	back	ADV	_	24 sent	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	agree speech: agree	present	Everyone				vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	send	gerund		weapons			vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weapon=Theme
3	is	present	sending			wrong property	tree rules
4	send	past	every country	weapons = weapon			vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme
5	ask speech: ask	present · perfect · passive		every country	now	for all	vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic
6	send back not said to happen	to-infinitive · passive					vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»

Option 2

All the senders sent their own armies

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	3 senders	det:predet
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 senders	det
3	senders	sender	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 sent	nsubj
4	sent	send	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 armies	nmod:poss
6	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 armies	amod
7	armies	army	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 sent	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	send	past	all senders	senders's own armies					vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent army=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Some say helping Ukraine defend itself is right; others say it makes the war longer; senders did not send soldiers to fight

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	2 say	nsubj
2	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	helping	help	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 right	csubj
4	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 helping	obj
5	defend	defend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 helping	xcomp
6	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	5 defend	obj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 right	cop
8	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 say	ccomp
9	;	;	PUNCT	_	11 say	punct
10	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 say	nsubj
11	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 say	parataxis
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 makes	nsubj
13	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 say	ccomp
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 war	det
15	war	war	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 makes	obj
16	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	13 makes	xcomp
17	;	;	PUNCT	_	21 send	punct
18	senders	sender	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 send	nsubj
19	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	21 send	aux
20	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	21 send	advmod
21	send	send	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 say	parataxis
22	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 send	obj
23	to	to	PART	_	24 fight	mark
24	fight	fight	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	21 send	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Some			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	help	gerund		Ukraine		vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent ukraine=Beneficiary clause=Theme
3	defend	infinitive	Ukraine not said here	itself = it		vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent itself=Beneficiary
4	is	present	helping		right property	tree rules
5	say speech: assert	present	others			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
6	make	present	it	the war		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material war=Product
7	not send	past · do-support	senders	soldiers		vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soldier=Theme
8	fight	to-infinitive	senders not said here			vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

No country sent anything

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 country	det
2	country	country	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sent	nsubj
3	sent	send	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	3 sent	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	send	participle	no country	anything					vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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