Exam question 1 · Propaganda and fake news
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises propaganda?
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: propaganda
This is exam question 1 of lesson 31 «Propaganda and fake news» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 characterises | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 statements | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 statements | det |
| 4 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 statements | amod |
| 5 | statements | statement | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 characterises | obl |
| 6 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 7 accurately | advmod |
| 7 | accurately | accurately | ADV | _ | 8 characterises | advmod |
| 8 | characterises | characteris | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | propaganda | propaganda | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 characterises | obj |
| 10 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 8 characterises | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | follow | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | characteris | present | propaganda | of the following statements; accurately property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1
An acknowledgement by a news outlet that an error has been made
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 acknowledgement | det |
| 2 | acknowledgement | acknowledgement | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 made | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | by | by | ADP | _ | 6 outlet | case |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 outlet | det |
| 5 | news | news | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 outlet | compound |
| 6 | outlet | outlet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 acknowledgement | nmod |
| 7 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 error | nsubj |
| 8 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 error | det |
| 9 | error | error | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 outlet | acl:relcl |
| 10 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 made | aux |
| 11 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 12 made | aux:pass |
| 12 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | error | a news outlet | tree rules | ||||||
| 2 | make | present · perfect · passive | a acknowledgement by a news outlet | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
Option 2
Any account of events published by a newspaper or broadcaster
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 2 account | det |
| 2 | account | account | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 events | case |
| 4 | events | event | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 account | nmod |
| 5 | published | publish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 events | acl |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 newspaper | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 newspaper | det |
| 8 | newspaper | newspaper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 published | obl |
| 9 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 10 broadcaster | cc |
| 10 | broadcaster | broadcaster | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 newspaper | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | publish | participle | events not said here | by a newspaper or broadcaster | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | account | events | nom account «communication transitive»: of=patient |
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
A communication designed to induce a particular view by the selective presentation of facts
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 communication | det |
| 2 | communication | communication | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 designed | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | designed | design | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 induce | mark |
| 5 | induce | induce | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 designed | advcl |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 view | det |
| 7 | particular | particular | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 view | amod |
| 8 | view | view | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 induce | obj |
| 9 | by | by | ADP | _ | 12 presentation | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 presentation | det |
| 11 | selective | selective | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 presentation | amod |
| 12 | presentation | presentation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 induce | obl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 facts | case |
| 14 | facts | fact | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 presentation | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | design | participle · passive | a communication | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result | |||||
| 2 | induce | to-infinitive | a particular view | by the selective presentation of facts | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent view=Patient | ||||
| 3 | present | facts | nom presentation «act transitive»: of=patient |
Option 4
A humorous publication imitating the conventions of the news
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 publication | det |
| 2 | humorous | humorous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 publication | amod |
| 3 | publication | publication | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | imitating | imitate | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 publication | acl |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 conventions | det |
| 6 | conventions | convention | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 imitating | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 news | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 news | det |
| 9 | news | news | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 conventions | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | imitate | gerund | a humorous publication not said here | the conventions of the news | vn patent-101 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent convention=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/31-propaganda-and-fake-news/e1/