Exam question 3 · Cherry-picked clips and clickbait headlines

Identify the principal reason for which certain publishers employ headlines designed to provoke curiosity rather than to inform.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, certain publishers · What happens: identify, employ, design, provoke, inform · To what, where: principal reason, headlines, curiosity

This is exam question 3 of lesson 33 «Cherry-picked clips and clickbait headlines» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 employ	obl
7	certain	certain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 publishers	amod
8	publishers	publisher	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 employ	nsubj
9	employ	employ	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	acl:relcl
10	headlines	headline	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 employ	obj
11	designed	design	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 headlines	acl
12	to	to	PART	_	13 provoke	mark
13	provoke	provoke	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 designed	advcl
14	curiosity	curiosity	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 provoke	obj
15	rather	rather	ADV	ExtPos=CCONJ	18 inform	cc
16	than	than	ADP	_	15 rather	fixed
17	to	to	PART	_	18 inform	mark
18	inform	inform	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 curiosity	conj
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	employ	present	certain publishers	headlines	for the principal reason	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent headline=Theme for which=Eventuality
3	design	participle		headlines not said here		vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	provoke	to-infinitive		curiosity		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus curiosity=Experiencer
5	inform speech: other	to-infinitive				vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The payment of a supplementary charge by readers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 payment	det
2	payment	payment	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 charge	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 charge	det
5	supplementary	supplementary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 charge	amod
6	charge	charge	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 payment	nmod
7	by	by	ADP	_	8 readers	case
8	readers	reader	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 payment	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pay		readers	a supplementary charge					nom payment «possession transitive»: of=patient by=agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Revenue derived from the advertisements viewed upon each visit

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Revenue	Revenue	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 derived	nsubj
2	derived	derive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	SCONJ	_	6 viewed	mark
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 advertisements	det
5	advertisements	advertisement	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 viewed	nsubj
6	viewed	view	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 derived	advcl
7	upon	upon	ADP	_	9 visit	case
8	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	9 visit	det
9	visit	visit	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 viewed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	derive	past	Revenue						vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	view	past	the advertisements					upon each visit	vn characterize-29.2-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent

Option 3

The absence of any other means of reporting the facts to the public

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 absence	det
2	absence	absence	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 means	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 other	case
4	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	5 other	det
5	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 absence	nmod
6	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	of	of	SCONJ	_	8 reporting	mark
8	reporting	report	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 means	ccomp
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 reporting	obj
11	to	to	ADP	_	13 public	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 public	det
13	public	public	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 reporting	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	the absence of any other						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	report	gerund		the facts	the public				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent fact=Topic to public=Recipient

Option 4

A statutory obligation to employ such headlines

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 obligation	det
2	statutory	statutory	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 obligation	amod
3	obligation	obligation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 employ	mark
5	employ	employ	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 obligation	acl
6	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 headlines	amod
7	headlines	headline	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 employ	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	employ	to-infinitive		such headlines					vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent headline=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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