Exam question 1 · President and Prime Minister, White House and Downing Street

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the distinction between a President of the United States and a Prime Minister of the United Kingdom?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: distinction

This is exam question 1 of lesson 5 «President and Prime Minister, White House and Downing Street» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 distinction	det
10	distinction	distinction	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	between	between	ADP	_	13 President	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 President	det
13	President	President	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 distinction	nmod
14	of	of	ADP	_	17 States	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 States	det
16	United	United	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 States	amod
17	States	State	PROPN	Number=Plur	13 President	nmod
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 Minister	cc
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 Minister	det
20	Prime	Prime	PROPN	_	21 Minister	compound
21	Minister	Minister	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 President	conj
22	of	of	ADP	_	25 Kingdom	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 Kingdom	det
24	United	United	PROPN	_	25 Kingdom	flat
25	Kingdom	Kingdom	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 Minister	nmod
26	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the distinction				of the following statements; between a President of the United States and a Prime Minister of the United Kingdom; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Neither office is subject to any form of election

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Neither	neither	DET	PronType=Neg	2 office	det
2	office	office	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 subject	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 subject	cop
4	subject	subject	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 form	case
6	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	7 form	det
7	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 subject	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 election	case
9	election	election	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 form	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	neither office					to any form of election; subject property	tree rules
2	form			election					nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The former is elected in a separate ballot as head of state and of government; the latter leads the party commanding a majority in Parliament

The tree, 25 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 former	det
2	former	former	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 elected	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 elected	aux:pass
4	elected	elect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	8 ballot	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 ballot	det
7	separate	separate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 ballot	amod
8	ballot	ballot	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 elected	obl
9	as	as	ADP	_	10 head	case
10	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 elected	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 state	case
12	state	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 head	nmod
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 government	cc
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 government	case
15	government	government	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 head	conj
16	;	;	PUNCT	_	19 leads	punct
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 latter	det
18	latter	latter	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 leads	nsubj
19	leads	lead	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 elected	conj
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 party	det
21	party	party	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 leads	obj
22	commanding	command	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	21 party	acl
23	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	24 majority	det
24	majority	majority	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 commanding	obj
25	in	in	ADP	_	26 Parliament	case
26	Parliament	Parliament	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 commanding	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	elect	present · passive		the former	a separate ballot	as head of state and government	vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme as head=Attribute
2	lead	present	the latter	the party			vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent party=Theme
3	command	gerund	the party not said here	a majority	Parliament		vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.theme PP.predicate»: agent=Agent majority=Theme in parliament=Eventuality

Option 3

The former is appointed by the British monarch; the latter is elected by the citizens of every state

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 former	det
2	former	former	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 appointed	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 appointed	aux:pass
4	appointed	appoint	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	8 monarch	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 monarch	det
7	British	British	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 monarch	amod
8	monarch	monarch	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 appointed	obl
9	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 elected	punct
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 latter	det
11	latter	latter	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 elected	nsubj:pass
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 elected	aux:pass
13	elected	elect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 appointed	conj
14	by	by	ADP	_	16 citizens	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 citizens	det
16	citizens	citizen	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 elected	obl
17	of	of	ADP	_	19 state	case
18	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	19 state	det
19	state	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 citizens	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	appoint	present · passive	the British monarch	the former					vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
2	elect	present · passive	the citizens of every state	the latter					vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme

Option 4

Both offices are hereditary and pass from parent to child

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 offices	det
2	offices	office	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 hereditary	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 hereditary	cop
4	hereditary	hereditary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 pass	cc
6	pass	pass	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 hereditary	conj
7	from	from	ADP	_	8 parent	case
8	parent	parent	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 pass	obl
9	to	to	ADP	_	10 child	case
10	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 pass	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	both offices					hereditary property	tree rules
2	pass	present	both offices not said here		child			from parent	vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from parent=Initial_Location to child=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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