Test 7 · ★★ · Congress and Parliament: how a law is made

A cartoon shows a president writing a law alone and it becoming law at once. What should be fixed?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: cartoon, president · What happens: show, write, become, fix · To what, where: president, law

This is test 7 · ★★ of lesson 6 «Congress and Parliament: how a law is made» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A cartoon shows a president writing a law alone and it becoming law at once.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 cartoon	det
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shows	nsubj
3	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 president	det
5	president	president	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shows	obj
6	writing	write	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 president	acl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 law	det
8	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 writing	obj
9	alone	alone	ADV	_	6 writing	advmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 becoming	cc
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 becoming	nsubj
12	becoming	become	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 writing	conj
13	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 becoming	xcomp
14	at	at	ADP	_	15 once	case
15	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	12 becoming	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 shows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	show	present	a cartoon	a president		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent president=Recipient
2	write	gerund	a president not said here	a law	alone property	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent law=Theme
3	become	gerund	cartoon	law		vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What should be fixed?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 fixed	nsubj:pass
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 fixed	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 fixed	aux:pass
4	fixed	fix	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 fixed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fix	should · passive							vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: subject=Patient

The options

Option 1

Nothing, presidents write all laws alone

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	4 write	vocative
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nothing	punct
3	presidents	president	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 write	nsubj
4	write	write	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 laws	det
6	laws	law	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 write	obj
7	alone	alone	ADV	_	4 write	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	write	present	presidents	all laws				Nothing vocative; alone property	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent law=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

The Supreme Court writes all the laws itself and then gives them to the president to sign

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 Court	det
2	Supreme	Supreme	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 Court	amod
3	Court	Court	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 writes	nsubj
4	writes	write	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 laws	det:predet
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 laws	det
7	laws	law	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 writes	obj
8	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes	7 laws	nmod
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 gives	cc
10	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	11 gives	advmod
11	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 writes	conj
12	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 gives	iobj
13	to	to	ADP	_	15 president	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 president	det
15	president	president	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 gives	obl
16	to	to	PART	_	17 sign	mark
17	sign	sign	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 gives	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	when	other	roles by
1	write	present	the Supreme Court	all laws Court				vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent law=Theme
2	give	present	the Supreme Court not said here		laws = law	then	to the president	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Theme to president=Recipient
3	sign	to-infinitive	the Supreme Court not said here					vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

In the US, Congress passes bills in both parts, and the president signs or vetoes them

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 US	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 US	det
3	US	US	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 passes	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 US	punct
5	Congress	Congress	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 passes	nsubj
6	passes	pass	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	bills	bill	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 passes	obj
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 parts	case
9	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	10 parts	det
10	parts	part	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 passes	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 signs	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 signs	cc
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 signs	det
14	president	president	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 signs	compound
15	signs	sign	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 passes	conj
16	or	or	CCONJ	_	17 vetoes	cc
17	vetoes	veto	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 signs	conj
18	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 signs	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pass	present	Congress	bills		both parts		in the US	vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent bill=Theme in us=Destination

Option 4

The King signs all US laws

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 King	det
2	King	King	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 signs	nsubj
3	signs	sign	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 laws	det
5	US	US	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 laws	compound
6	laws	law	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 signs	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sign	present	the King	all US laws					vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent law=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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