Test 9 · ★★ · Around the English-speaking world: Canada, Australia, Irel…
Your American cousin says, rather formally, "In the event that no candidate secures a majority of first preferences, the lowest candidate shall be excluded." Where does that rule come from?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: American cousin, candidate, rule · What happens: say, secure, exclude, come · To what, where: majority, lowest candidate, event · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 9 · ★★ of lesson 9 «Around the English-speaking world: Canada, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Your American cousin says, rather formally, "In the event that no candidate secures a majority of first preferences, the lowest candidate shall be excluded."
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 cousin | nmod:poss |
| 2 | American | American | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 cousin | amod |
| 3 | cousin | cousin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 says | nsubj |
| 4 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 formally | punct |
| 6 | rather | rather | ADV | _ | 7 formally | advmod |
| 7 | formally | formally | ADV | _ | 4 says | advmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 excluded | punct |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 28 excluded | punct |
| 10 | In | in | ADP | _ | 12 event | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 event | det |
| 12 | event | event | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 excluded | obl |
| 13 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 16 secures | mark |
| 14 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 15 candidate | det |
| 15 | candidate | candidate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 secures | nsubj |
| 16 | secures | secure | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 event | acl |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 majority | det |
| 18 | majority | majority | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 secures | obj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 preferences | case |
| 20 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 21 preferences | amod |
| 21 | preferences | preference | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 majority | nmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 event | punct |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 candidate | det |
| 24 | lowest | low | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 25 candidate | amod |
| 25 | candidate | candidate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 excluded | nsubj:pass |
| 26 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 28 excluded | aux |
| 27 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 28 excluded | aux:pass |
| 28 | excluded | exclude | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 says | ccomp |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 28 excluded | punct |
| 30 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 28 excluded | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | Your American cousin | formally property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | secure in a quote | present | no candidate | a majority of first preferences | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition majority=Theme | ||||
| 3 | exclude in a quote | shall · passive | the lowest candidate | the event | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Where does that rule come from?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 5 come | advmod |
| 2 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 come | aux |
| 3 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 rule | det |
| 4 | rule | rule | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 come | nsubj |
| 5 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | from | from | ADP | _ | 5 come | obl |
| 7 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 5 come | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | present · do-support | that rule | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
UK first-past-the-post voting
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | UK | UK | PROPN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 9 voting | advmod |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 2 first | punct |
| 4 | past | past | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 voting | amod |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 4 past | punct |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 post | det |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 the | punct |
| 8 | post | post | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 voting | compound |
| 9 | voting | voting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 UK | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
Australian preferential voting
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Australian | Australian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 voting | amod |
| 2 | preferential | preferential | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 voting | compound |
| 3 | voting | voting | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 3
The Irish President's election only
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 President | det |
| 2 | Irish | Irish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 President | amod |
| 3 | President | President | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 election | nmod:poss |
| 4 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 3 President | case |
| 5 | election | election | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | only | only | ADV | _ | 5 election | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | elect | the Irish President | nom election «act transitive»: poss=agent |
Option 4
The US Electoral College in Washington
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 College | det |
| 2 | US | US | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 College | compound |
| 3 | Electoral | Electoral | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 College | compound |
| 4 | College | College | PROPN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 Washington | case |
| 6 | Washington | Washington | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 College | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/9-around-the-english-speaking-world-canada-australia-ireland-new-zealand/t9/