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Exam question 3 · Picked on: freeze-outs, robberies and standing up

It is given that a pupil, upon being mocked, retaliated with a more severe insult. Select the response consistent with the established facts.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: give, mock, retaliate, select, establish · To what, where: It, response

This is exam question 3 of lesson 19 «Picked on: freeze-outs, robberies and standing up» of the reflection course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that a pupil, upon being mocked, retaliated with a more severe insult.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	6 pupil	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 pupil	det
6	pupil	pupil	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 given	xcomp
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 mocked	punct
8	upon	upon	SCONJ	_	10 mocked	mark
9	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 mocked	aux:pass
10	mocked	mock	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 given	parataxis
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 retaliated	punct
12	retaliated	retaliate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 mocked	conj
13	with	with	ADP	_	17 insult	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 insult	det
15	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	16 severe	advmod
16	severe	severe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 insult	amod
17	insult	insult	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 retaliated	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	mock	gerund · passive							vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»
3	retaliate	participle						with a severe insult	vn respond-113 «NP V PP.predicate»: agent=Agent with insult=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Select the response consistent with the established facts.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	amod
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response					vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle							vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Apologies are required solely of the party who commenced the dispute

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Apologies	apology	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 required	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 required	aux:pass
3	required	require	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	solely	solely	ADV	_	3 required	advmod
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 party	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 party	det
7	party	party	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 required	obl
8	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 commenced	nsubj
9	commenced	commence	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 party	acl:relcl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 dispute	det
11	dispute	dispute	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 commenced	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	present · passive		Apologies				of the party; solely property	vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Precondition
2	commence	past	the party	the dispute					vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dispute=Eventuality

Option 2

The more severe insult resolves the dispute forthwith

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 insult	det
2	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	3 severe	advmod
3	severe	severe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 insult	amod
4	insult	insult	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 resolves	nsubj
5	resolves	resolve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 dispute	det
7	dispute	dispute	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 resolves	obj
8	forthwith	forthwith	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 resolves	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	resolve	present	the severe insult	the dispute				forthwith property	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Such retaliation tends to escalate the dispute, and an apology for one's own part assists

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 retaliation	amod
2	retaliation	retaliation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 tends	nsubj
3	tends	tend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 escalate	mark
5	escalate	escalate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 tends	xcomp
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 dispute	det
7	dispute	dispute	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 escalate	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 apology	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 apology	cc
10	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 apology	det
11	apology	apology	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 tends	obl
12	for	for	ADP	_	17 assists	case
13	one	one	PRON	Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 assists	nmod:poss
14	's	's	PART	_	13 one	case
15	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 assists	amod
16	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 assists	compound
17	assists	assist	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 apology	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tend	present	Such retaliation	a apology for one's own part assists					tree rules
2	escalate	to-infinitive	Such retaliation not said here	the dispute					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent dispute=Patient
3	assist		one						nom assist «act transitive»: poss=agent

Option 4

The original mockery wholly excuses any subsequent insult, however severe

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 mockery	det
2	original	original	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 mockery	amod
3	mockery	mockery	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 excuses	nsubj
4	wholly	wholly	ADV	_	5 excuses	advmod
5	excuses	excuse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	8 insult	det
7	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 insult	amod
8	insult	insult	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 excuses	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 severe	punct
10	however	however	ADV	_	11 severe	advmod
11	severe	severe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 excuses	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	excuse	present	the original mockery	any subsequent insult				wholly property	vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insult=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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