Test 2 · ★★ · The mind at night: replays, worst-case thinking and nightm… Ruby's sister says at breakfast, "Mate, you're spiralling, she literally said hi to you." ("Spiralling" means thoughts getting worse and worse.) What does this show?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: sister, you, Spiralling, thoughts, this · What happens: say, spirall, mean, get, show · To what, where: breakfast, you, thoughts · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 2 · ★★ of lesson 26 «The mind at night: replays, worst-case thinking and nightmares» of the reflection course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Ruby's sister says at breakfast, "Mate, you're spiralling, she literally said hi to you."
nmod:poss case nsubj case obl punct punct conj punct nsubj aux conj punct nsubj advmod parataxis ccomp case obl punct punct root Ruby PROPN 's PART sister NOUN says VERB at ADP breakfast NOUN , PUNCT " PUNCT Mate NOUN , PUNCT you PRON 're AUX spiralling VERB , PUNCT she PRON literally ADV said VERB hi INTJ to ADP you PRON . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ruby Ruby PROPN Number=Sing 3 sister nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Ruby case 3 sister sister NOUN Number=Sing 4 says nsubj 4 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 at at ADP _ 6 breakfast case 6 breakfast breakfast NOUN Number=Sing 4 says obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 Mate punct 8 " " PUNCT _ 9 Mate punct 9 Mate mate NOUN Number=Sing 6 breakfast conj 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 spiralling punct 11 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 13 spiralling nsubj 12 're be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 spiralling aux 13 spiralling spirall VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 says conj 14 , , PUNCT _ 17 said punct 15 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 17 said nsubj 16 literally literally ADV _ 17 said advmod 17 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 says parataxis 18 hi hi INTJ _ 17 said ccomp 19 to to ADP _ 20 you case 20 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 17 said obl 21 . . PUNCT _ 17 said punct 22 " " PUNCT _ 17 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present Ruby's sister breakfast and Mate vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 spirall in a quote present · progressive you tree rules 3 say speech: assert in a quote past sister you literally property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to you=Recipient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: ("Spiralling" means thoughts getting worse and worse.)
punct punct nsubj punct obj acl xcomp cc conj punct punct root ( PUNCT " PUNCT Spiralling NOUN " PUNCT means VERB thoughts NOUN getting VERB worse ADJ and CCONJ worse ADJ . PUNCT ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 5 means punct 2 " " PUNCT _ 3 Spiralling punct 3 Spiralling spiralling NOUN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 4 " " PUNCT _ 3 Spiralling punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 thoughts thought NOUN Number=Plur 5 means obj 7 getting get VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 thoughts acl 8 worse bad ADJ Degree=Cmp 7 getting xcomp 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 worse cc 10 worse bad ADJ Degree=Cmp 8 worse conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct 12 ) ) PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Spiralling thoughts vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thought=Topic 2 get gerund thoughts not said here bad property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Sentence 3: What does this show?
obj aux nsubj punct root What PRON does AUX this PRON show VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 4 show obj 2 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 show aux 3 this this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 4 show nsubj 4 show show VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 show punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present · do-support this vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient
The options Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer Night worries often look much smaller in daylight
compound nsubj advmod advmod xcomp case obl root Night NOUN worries NOUN often ADV look VERB much ADV smaller ADJ in ADP daylight NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Night night NOUN Number=Sing 2 worries compound 2 worries worry NOUN Number=Plur 4 look nsubj 3 often often ADV _ 4 look advmod 4 look look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 much much ADV _ 6 smaller advmod 6 smaller small ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 look xcomp 7 in in ADP _ 8 daylight case 8 daylight daylight NOUN Number=Sing 4 look obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look present Night worries in daylight; often, small property vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in daylight=Theme
Option 2 Ruby should worry more to be safe
nsubj aux obj mark cop advcl root Ruby PROPN should AUX worry VERB more ADJ to PART be AUX safe ADJ The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ruby Ruby PROPN Number=Sing 3 worry nsubj 2 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 worry aux 3 worry worry VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 worry obj 5 to to PART _ 7 safe mark 6 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 7 safe cop 7 safe safe ADJ Degree=Pos 3 worry advcl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 worry should Ruby more vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus more=Experiencer 2 is to-infinitive Ruby not said here safe property tree rules
Option 3 Saying hi means the girl is plotting
csubj obj det nsubj aux ccomp root Saying VERB hi NOUN means VERB the DET girl NOUN is AUX plotting VERB The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Saying say VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 means csubj 2 hi hi NOUN _ 1 Saying obj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 girl det 5 girl girl NOUN Number=Sing 7 plotting nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 plotting aux 7 plotting plot VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 means ccomp
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert gerund hi vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent hi=Topic 2 mean present Saying vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 plot present · progressive the girl vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Option 4 Ruby was right all along, and the girl really does hate her now
nsubj cop advmod advmod punct cc det nsubj advmod aux parataxis obj advmod root Ruby PROPN was AUX right ADJ all ADV along ADV , PUNCT and CCONJ the DET girl NOUN really ADV does AUX hate VERB her PRON now ADV The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ruby Ruby PROPN Number=Sing 3 right nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 right cop 3 right right ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 all all ADV _ 5 along advmod 5 along along ADV _ 3 right advmod 6 , , PUNCT _ 12 hate punct 7 and and CCONJ _ 12 hate cc 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 girl det 9 girl girl NOUN Number=Sing 12 hate nsubj 10 really really ADV _ 12 hate advmod 11 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 hate aux 12 hate hate VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 right parataxis 13 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 hate obj 14 now now ADV PronType=Dem 12 hate advmod
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past Ruby along, right property tree rules 2 hate present · do-support the girl Ruby now vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer she=Stimulus
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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