Exam question 4 · Olympiad: thinking traps and what helps first ★★★

Which of the following is NOT a thinking trap?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, think, not be

This is exam question 4 of lesson 32 «Olympiad: thinking traps and what helps first ★★★» of the reflection course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 trap	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	9 trap	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 trap	det
4	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 trap	case
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 trap	cop
6	NOT	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 trap	advmod
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 trap	det
8	thinking	think	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 trap	amod
9	trap	trap	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	9 trap	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund		vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	think speech: other	gerund		vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	not is	present	of the thinking trap	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The belief that a single error proves total incompetence

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 belief	det
2	belief	belief	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 proves	nsubj
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	6 error	mark
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 error	det
5	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 error	amod
6	error	error	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 belief	acl
7	proves	prove	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	total	total	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 incompetence	amod
9	incompetence	incompetence	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 proves	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prove	present	the belief	total incompetence					vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent incompetence=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Sorrow at a grandparent's death, months after the event

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sorrow	sorrow	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	at	at	ADP	_	6 death	case
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 grandparent	det
4	grandparent	grandparent	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 death	nmod:poss
5	's	's	PART	_	4 grandparent	case
6	death	death	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Sorrow	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 months	punct
8	months	month	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Sorrow	conj
9	after	after	ADP	_	11 event	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 event	det
11	event	event	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 months	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	die		a grandparent						nom death «event intransitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

The conviction that one will fail every future examination

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 conviction	det
2	conviction	conviction	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	6 fail	mark
4	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 fail	nsubj
5	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 fail	aux
6	fail	fail	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 conviction	acl
7	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	9 examination	det
8	future	future	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 examination	compound
9	examination	examination	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 fail	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fail	future	one	every future examination					vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent examination=Eventuality

Option 4

The assertion that nobody will ever befriend one

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 assertion	det
2	assertion	assertion	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 befriend	obj
4	nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	7 befriend	nsubj
5	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 befriend	aux
6	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	7 befriend	advmod
7	befriend	befriend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 assertion	acl:relcl
8	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 befriend	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	befriend	future	nobody	the assertion			ever		tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/reflection/32-olympiad-thinking-traps-and-what-helps-first/e4/