Exam question 1 · Olympiad practice: the hardest cases

Which of the following most accurately characterises the principle rejected by Paul in Romans 3:8?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, reject · To what, where: principle

This is exam question 1 of lesson 100 «Olympiad practice: the hardest cases» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	SCONJ	_	7 characterises	mark
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 characterises	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 characterises	csubj
5	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	6 accurately	advmod
6	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	7 characterises	advmod
7	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 principle	det
9	principle	principle	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 characterises	obj
10	rejected	reject	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 principle	acl
11	by	by	ADP	_	12 Paul	case
12	Paul	Paul	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 rejected	obl:agent
13	in	in	ADP	_	14 Romans	case
14	Romans	Roman	PROPN	Number=Plur	12 Paul	flat
15	3:8	3:8	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	14 Romans	flat
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the principle	accurately property	tree rules
3	reject	participle	the principle not said here		vn reject-77.2-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

That evil may be done in order that good may result

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 evil	det
2	evil	evil	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 done	nsubj:pass
3	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 done	aux
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 done	aux:pass
5	done	do	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 order	case
7	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 done	obl
8	that	that	SCONJ	_	11 result	mark
9	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 result	reparandum
10	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 result	aux
11	result	result	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 done	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	may · passive		that evil		order			vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality
2	result	may							vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

That assistance ought to be rendered to the needy

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 assistance	det
2	assistance	assistance	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 rendered	nsubj:pass
3	ought	ought	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 rendered	aux
4	to	to	PART	_	6 rendered	mark
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 rendered	aux:pass
6	rendered	render	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 needy	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 needy	det
9	needy	needy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 rendered	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	render	ought · passive		that assistance	the needy				vn give-13.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to needy=Recipient

Option 3

That good ought to be done irrespective of consequences

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	6 done	nsubj:pass
2	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 That	amod
3	ought	ought	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 done	aux
4	to	to	PART	_	6 done	mark
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 done	aux:pass
6	done	do	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	irrespective	irrespective	ADV	_	6 done	advmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 consequences	case
9	consequences	consequence	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 done	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	ought · passive		That				of consequences; irrespective property	vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality

Option 4

That falsehood is invariably impermissible

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 falsehood	det
2	falsehood	falsehood	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 impermissible	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 impermissible	cop
4	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	5 impermissible	advmod
5	impermissible	impermissible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	that falsehood					impermissible, invariably property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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