Exam question 3 · Olympiad practice: the hardest cases

Select the statement most consistent with the established distinction between the falsehood of Peter and that of Ananias and Sapphira.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: select, establish · To what, where: statement

This is exam question 3 of lesson 100 «Olympiad practice: the hardest cases» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 statement	det
3	statement	statement	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	5 consistent	advmod
5	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 statement	amod
6	with	with	ADP	_	9 distinction	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 distinction	det
8	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 distinction	amod
9	distinction	distinction	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 consistent	obl
10	between	between	ADP	_	12 falsehood	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 falsehood	det
12	falsehood	falsehood	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 distinction	nmod
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 Peter	case
14	Peter	Peter	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 falsehood	nmod
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 that	cc
16	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	9 distinction	conj
17	of	of	ADP	_	18 Ananias	case
18	Ananias	Ananias	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 that	nmod
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 Sapphira	cc
20	Sapphira	Sapphira	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 Ananias	conj
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the statement					vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent statement=Theme
2	establish	participle							vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Neither falsehood was in any respect different from the other

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Neither	neither	DET	PronType=Neg	2 falsehood	det
2	falsehood	falsehood	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 respect	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 respect	cop
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 respect	case
5	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	6 respect	det
6	respect	respect	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 respect	amod
8	from	from	ADP	_	10 other	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 other	det
10	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 different	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	neither falsehood			any respect			tree rules

Option 2

Peter's falsehood was premeditated, whereas theirs arose from sudden fear

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Peter	Peter	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 falsehood	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Peter	case
3	falsehood	falsehood	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 premeditated	nsubj:pass
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 premeditated	aux:pass
5	premeditated	premeditate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 arose	punct
7	whereas	whereas	ADV	PronType=Int	9 arose	advmod
8	theirs	their	PRON	Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 arose	nsubj
9	arose	arise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 premeditated	conj
10	from	from	ADP	_	12 fear	case
11	sudden	sudden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 fear	amod
12	fear	fear	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 arose	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	premeditate	past · passive		Peter's falsehood					tree rules
2	arise	past	theirs = they			sudden fear		whereas property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Peter's falsehood arose from sudden fear and was followed by repentance, whereas theirs was premeditated and maintained

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Peter	Peter	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 falsehood	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Peter	case
3	falsehood	falsehood	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 arose	nsubj
4	arose	arise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 fear	case
6	sudden	sudden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 fear	amod
7	fear	fear	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 arose	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 followed	cc
9	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 followed	aux:pass
10	followed	follow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 arose	conj
11	by	by	ADP	_	12 repentance	case
12	repentance	repentance	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 followed	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 premeditated	punct
14	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	17 premeditated	mark
15	theirs	their	PRON	Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 premeditated	nsubj:pass
16	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 premeditated	aux:pass
17	premeditated	premeditate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 arose	parataxis
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 maintained	cc
19	maintained	maintain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	17 premeditated	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	arise	past	Peter's falsehood		sudden fear	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	follow	past · passive	repentance			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	premeditate	past · passive		theirs = they		tree rules
4	maintain	participle				vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Peter uttered no falsehood whatsoever

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Peter	Peter	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 uttered	nsubj
2	uttered	utter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 falsehood	det
4	falsehood	falsehood	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 uttered	obj
5	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	2 uttered	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	utter speech: other	past	Peter	no falsehood				whatsoever property	vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent falsehood=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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