Exam question 2 · Solomon and the Queen of Sheba: one story in many books, a…
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the historical evidence for the visit?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: historical evidence
This is exam question 2 of lesson 101 «Solomon and the Queen of Sheba: one story in many books, and the legends of the ring and the jinn» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 characterises | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 statements | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 statements | det |
| 4 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 statements | amod |
| 5 | statements | statement | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 characterises | obl |
| 6 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 7 accurately | advmod |
| 7 | accurately | accurately | ADV | _ | 8 characterises | advmod |
| 8 | characterises | characteris | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 evidence | det |
| 10 | historical | historical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 evidence | amod |
| 11 | evidence | evidence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 characterises | obj |
| 12 | for | for | ADP | _ | 14 visit | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 visit | det |
| 14 | visit | visit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 evidence | nmod |
| 15 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 8 characterises | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | follow | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | characteris | present | the historical evidence | of the following statements; for the visit; accurately property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
The kingdom of Saba is attested, but no independent record of the visit has been found
The tree, 16 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 kingdom | det |
| 2 | kingdom | kingdom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 attested | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 Saba | case |
| 4 | Saba | Saba | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 kingdom | nmod |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 attested | aux:pass |
| 6 | attested | attest | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 found | punct |
| 8 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 17 found | cc |
| 9 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 11 record | det |
| 10 | independent | independent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 record | amod |
| 11 | record | record | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 found | nsubj:pass |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 visit | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 visit | det |
| 14 | visit | visit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 record | nmod |
| 15 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 found | aux |
| 16 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 17 found | aux:pass |
| 17 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 attested | parataxis |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | attest | present · passive | the kingdom of Saba | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | find | present · perfect · passive | no independent record of the visit | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | |||||
| 3 | record | the visit | nom record «communication transitive»: of=patient |
Option 2
The visit is recorded in numerous Egyptian inscriptions
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 visit | det |
| 2 | visit | visit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 recorded | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 recorded | aux:pass |
| 4 | recorded | record | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 inscriptions | case |
| 6 | numerous | numerous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 inscriptions | amod |
| 7 | Egyptian | Egyptian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 inscriptions | amod |
| 8 | inscriptions | inscription | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 recorded | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | record | present · passive | the visit | numerous Egyptian inscriptions | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in inscription=Destination |
Option 3
The visit is proven by the discovery of the queen's tomb in Jerusalem
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 visit | det |
| 2 | visit | visit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 proven | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 proven | aux:pass |
| 4 | proven | prove | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 discovery | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 discovery | det |
| 7 | discovery | discovery | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 proven | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 tomb | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 queen | det |
| 10 | queen | queen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 tomb | nmod:poss |
| 11 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 10 queen | case |
| 12 | tomb | tomb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 discovery | nmod |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 Jerusalem | case |
| 14 | Jerusalem | Jerusalem | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 tomb | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | prove | present · passive | the discovery of the queen's tomb in Jerusalem | the visit | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | discover | the queen's tomb in Jerusalem | nom discovery «act transitive»: of=patient |
Option 4
The kingdom of Saba has been shown never to have existed
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 kingdom | det |
| 2 | kingdom | kingdom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 shown | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 Saba | case |
| 4 | Saba | Saba | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 kingdom | nmod |
| 5 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 shown | aux |
| 6 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 shown | aux:pass |
| 7 | shown | show | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 11 existed | advmod |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 existed | mark |
| 10 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 11 existed | aux |
| 11 | existed | exist | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 shown | xcomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | show | present · perfect · passive | the kingdom of Saba | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | not exist | to-infinitive · perfect | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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