Test 3 · Psalms and Proverbs

A classmate who does not believe in God asks why Christians read Psalm 23 at funerals. Best answer?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: classmate, Christians · What happens: not believe, ask, read · To what, where: Psalm, funerals · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 3 of lesson 11 «Psalms and Proverbs» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A classmate who does not believe in God asks why Christians read Psalm 23 at funerals.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 classmate	det
2	classmate	classmate	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 asks	nsubj
3	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 believe	nsubj
4	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 believe	aux
5	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 believe	advmod
6	believe	believe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 classmate	acl:relcl
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 God	case
8	God	God	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 believe	obl
9	asks	ask	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	12 read	advmod
11	Christians	Christian	PROPN	Number=Plur	12 read	nsubj
12	read	read	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 asks	ccomp
13	Psalm	Psalm	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 read	obj
14	23	23	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	13 Psalm	flat
15	at	at	ADP	_	16 funerals	case
16	funerals	funeral	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 read	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 asks	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	not believe	present · do-support	a classmate			in God	vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer
2	ask speech: ask	present	a classmate				vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	read	past	Christians	Psalm	funerals		vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.value»: agent=Agent psalm=Theme at funeral=Value

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Best answer?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	2 answer	amod
2	answer	answer	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 answer	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The options

Option 1

It is a rule in the Bible that every single funeral has to use it

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 rule	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 rule	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 rule	det
4	rule	rule	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 Bible	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Bible	det
7	Bible	Bible	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 rule	nmod
8	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 has	obj
9	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	11 funeral	det
10	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 funeral	amod
11	funeral	funeral	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 has	nsubj
12	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 rule	parataxis
13	to	to	PART	_	14 use	mark
14	use	use	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 has	xcomp
15	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 use	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a rule	the Bible	tree rules
2	have	present	every single funeral	that		tree rules
3	use	to-infinitive	that not said here	funeral		vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It comforts them that God stays with them in the darkest times

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 comforts	nsubj
2	comforts	comfort	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 comforts	obj
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	6 stays	mark
5	God	God	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 stays	nsubj
6	stays	stay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 comforts	advcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	8 them	case
8	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 stays	obl
9	in	in	ADP	_	12 times	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 times	det
11	darkest	dark	ADJ	Degree=Sup	12 times	amod
12	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 stays	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	comfort	present	It	them = they					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer
2	stay	present	God				time	with them = they	vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with they=Location

Option 3

It explains exactly what heaven looks like

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 explains	nsubj
2	explains	explain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	exactly	exactly	ADV	_	4 what	advmod
4	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	6 looks	obj
5	heaven	heaven	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 looks	nsubj
6	looks	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 explains	ccomp
7	like	like	SCONJ	_	6 looks	mark

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	explain speech: assert	present	It						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	look	present	heaven						vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme what=Attribute

Option 4

It is the only psalm people still know

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 psalm	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 psalm	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 psalm	det
4	only	only	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 psalm	amod
5	psalm	psalm	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 know	nsubj
7	still	still	ADV	_	8 know	advmod
8	know	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 psalm	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	the only psalm					tree rules
2	know	present	people	the only psalm not said here			still		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer psalm=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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